From crop domestication to super-domestication.

From crop domestication to super-domestication.
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DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcm224
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发表时间:
2007-11
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Heslop-Harrison JS
Heslop-Harrison JS
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vaughan DA;Balázs E;Heslop-Harrison JS

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基因组科学以及与信息相关的科学中的技术和发现改变了与作物驯化有关的研究,为生物信息学和系统生物学提供了新的工具。考古植物学和民族植物学的快速发展也为理解作物驯化提供了新的知识。这种快速进步的感觉在本期特刊中得到了概括,其中包含植物学、作物科学和相关学科的科学家就作物驯化主题发表的18篇论文。其中一篇论文聚焦于当前作物驯化遗传学的主题,而其他论文则聚焦于作物或地理。与作物驯化有关的科学进展的一个特点是在全球遗传资源中心(基因库)网络中可获得具有良好特性的种质资源。基因库中的种质资源为理解驯化和植物育种提供了研究材料。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了当前与作物驯化相关的遗传主题。近年来,这一领域取得了令人印象深刻的进展,正在将植物育种转变为作物工程,以满足人类对提高作物产量的需求,并将对环境的影响降至最低--我们认为这是“超级驯化”。虽然10000年或更短时间的驯化是一个非常短的进化时间跨度,但已经发生和正在发生的细节提供了一个窗口,让我们看到驯化在未来可能--以及可以--在哪里发展。
Research related to crop domestication has been transformed by technologies and discoveries in the genome sciences as well as information-related sciences that are providing new tools for bioinformatics and systems' biology. Rapid progress in archaeobotany and ethnobotany are also contributing new knowledge to understanding crop domestication. This sense of rapid progress is encapsulated in this Special Issue, which contains 18 papers by scientists in botanical, crop sciences and related disciplines on the topic of crop domestication. One paper focuses on current themes in the genetics of crop domestication across crops, whereas other papers have a crop or geographic focus. One feature of progress in the sciences related to crop domestication is the availability of well-characterized germplasm resources in the global network of genetic resources centres (genebanks). Germplasm in genebanks is providing research materials for understanding domestication as well as for plant breeding. In this review, we highlight current genetic themes related to crop domestication. Impressive progress in this field in recent years is transforming plant breeding into crop engineering to meet the human need for increased crop yield with the minimum environmental impact – we consider this to be ‘super-domestication’. While the time scale of domestication of 10 000 years or less is a very short evolutionary time span, the details emerging of what has happened and what is happening provide a window to see where domestication might – and can – advance in the future.
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