Comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is Anopheles arabiensis.
Comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is Anopheles arabiensis.
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相对于单独的方法，相对于单独的两种方法，对长期杀虫剂处理的网和室内残留喷涂的组合的比较现场评估，在主载体是Anopheles Aropheles Arabiensis的区域中预防疟疾。
DOI：
10.1186/1756-3305-6-46
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发表时间：
2013-02-22
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Moore SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okumu FO;Mbeyela E;Lingamba G;Moore J;Ntamatungiro AJ;Kavishe DR;Kenward MG;Turner E;Lorenz LM;Moore SJ
长效驱虫蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒通常在同一家庭中同时使用，以改善疟疾控制，尽管关于这两种组合是否实际上比单独使用蚊帐或单独使用室内滞留喷洒提供更好的保护的证据不一致。在阿拉伯按蚊为主要疟疾病媒物种的地区，使用装有长效驱虫蚊帐、未经处理的蚊帐、室内滞留喷雾剂加未经处理的蚊帐或长效驱虫蚊帐和室内滞留喷雾剂的组合的实验小屋进行了比较试验。三种LLIN类型，Olyset®、PermaNet 2.0®和Icon Life®蚊帐和三种IRS处理，甲基嘧啶、滴滴涕和高效氯氟氰菊酯，单独或组合使用。我们比较了进入小屋的蚊子数量、被杀的比例和数量、被阻止吸血的比例、蚊子离开小屋的时间和被抓出小屋的比例。测试在旱季进行了四个月，在雨季进行了六个月，每次使用新的完整网。所有类型的蚊帐，使用或不使用IRS，防止超过99%的室内蚊虫叮咬。在有任何室内滞留喷雾杀虫剂的棚屋中添加PermaNet 2.0®和Icon Life®，而不是Olyset®蚊帐，与单独使用室内滞留喷雾杀虫剂相比，会增加疟疾病媒的死亡率。然而，在所有IRS治疗中，相对于单独的长效驱虫蚊帐，只有甲基吡嘧磺隆显著增加了病媒死亡率，尽管这种增加是适度的。总的来说，An.在用任何处理的小屋中捕获的阿拉伯鱼不超过29%。除了PermaNet 2.0®蚊帐和滴滴涕使病媒进入棚屋的数量略有减少外，没有任何处理措施减少病媒进入棚屋的数量。超过95%的蚊子是在出口陷阱而不是在小屋里被捕获的。那里的主要疟疾媒介是按蚊。对于阿拉伯小蠊，在有完整拟除虫菊酯类长效驱虫蚊帐的房屋中添加室内滞留喷洒不会增强家庭一级的保护，除非室内滞留喷洒使用了甲基吡螨酯等非拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，这可以适度增强保护效果。相比之下，在室内滞留喷雾杀虫剂上添加完整的蚊帐可防止蚊子吸血（即使蚊帐不具有杀虫性）并略微增加蚊子死亡率（就长效驱虫蚊帐而言），从而加强保护。完整LLIN针对An的主要作用方式。显然，阿拉伯树胶具有防咬活性而不是杀虫活性。因此，在资源有限的情况下，应优先确保所有面临危险的人都坚持使用长效驱虫蚊帐，并在蚊帐过度破损之前定期更换蚊帐。应强调最大限度地预防咬伤的措施（例如，适当的蚊帐尺寸以有效覆盖睡眠空间，更坚固的蚊帐纤维以防止撕裂和烧伤，以及保持蚊帐寿命的蚊帐使用方法）。
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are commonly used together in the same households to improve malaria control despite inconsistent evidence on whether such combinations actually offer better protection than nets alone or IRS alone. Comparative tests were conducted using experimental huts fitted with LLINs, untreated nets, IRS plus untreated nets, or combinations of LLINs and IRS, in an area where Anopheles arabiensis is the predominant malaria vector species. Three LLIN types, Olyset®, PermaNet 2.0® and Icon Life® nets and three IRS treatments, pirimiphos-methyl, DDT, and lambda cyhalothrin, were used singly or in combinations. We compared, number of mosquitoes entering huts, proportion and number killed, proportions prevented from blood-feeding, time when mosquitoes exited the huts, and proportions caught exiting. The tests were done for four months in dry season and another six months in wet season, each time using new intact nets. All the net types, used with or without IRS, prevented >99% of indoor mosquito bites. Adding PermaNet 2.0® and Icon Life®, but not Olyset® nets into huts with any IRS increased mortality of malaria vectors relative to IRS alone. However, of all IRS treatments, only pirimiphos-methyl significantly increased vector mortality relative to LLINs alone, though this increase was modest. Overall, median mortality of An. arabiensis caught in huts with any of the treatments did not exceed 29%. No treatment reduced entry of the vectors into huts, except for marginal reductions due to PermaNet 2.0® nets and DDT. More than 95% of all mosquitoes were caught in exit traps rather than inside huts. Where the main malaria vector is An. arabiensis, adding IRS into houses with intact pyrethroid LLINs does not enhance house-hold level protection except where the IRS employs non-pyrethroid insecticides such as pirimiphos-methyl, which can confer modest enhancements. In contrast, adding intact bednets onto IRS enhances protection by preventing mosquito blood-feeding (even if the nets are non-insecticidal) and by slightly increasing mosquito mortality (in case of LLINs). The primary mode of action of intact LLINs against An. arabiensis is clearly bite prevention rather than insecticidal activity. Therefore, where resources are limited, priority should be to ensure that everyone at risk consistently uses LLINs and that the nets are regularly replaced before being excessively torn. Measures that maximize bite prevention (e.g. proper net sizes to effectively cover sleeping spaces, stronger net fibres that resist tears and burns and net use practices that preserve net longevity), should be emphasized.
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影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Fegan, Greg W.;Noor, Abdisalan M.;Snow, Robert W.
通讯作者：
Snow, Robert W.
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.200
发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Cohuet, A;Simard, F;Fontenille, D
通讯作者：
Fontenille, D
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Griffin, Jamie T.;Hollingsworth, T. Deirdre;Ghani, Azra C.
通讯作者：
Ghani, Azra C.
DOI：
10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.10.003
发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Drakeley, Chris;Reyburn, Hugh
通讯作者：
Reyburn, Hugh
影响因子：
3
作者：
Beier, John C.;Keating, Joseph;Githure, John I.;Macdonald, Michael B.;Impoinvil, Daniel E.;Novak, Robert J.
通讯作者：
Novak, Robert J.