Using human sequencing to guide craniofacial research.

Using human sequencing to guide craniofacial research.
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DOI:
10.1002/dvg.23259
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发表时间:
2019-01
期刊:
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Stottmann RW
Stottmann RW
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liegel RP;Finnerty E;Blizzard L;DiStasio A;Hufnagel RB;Saal HM;Sund KL;Prows CA;Stottmann RW

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最近技术创新的融合重新激发了将遗传学应用于人类颅面发育研究的能力。下一代外显子组和全基因组测序的价格大幅下降,使得对患有先天性颅面异常的患者和家庭进行测序和分析变得相对简单。利用CRISPR-Cas9系统进行基因组编辑的同时革命使包括小鼠在内的动物模型能够快速生成,这些模型可以精确地概括人类变异。在这里,我们总结了目前可供研究界使用的选择。我们通过研究一个具有显性遗传模式的新型颅面综合征的家庭来说明这种方法。基因组分析表明,我们在小鼠模型中建立了AMOTL1的因果变异。我们还获得了一个新的Amotl1缺失等位基因。我们的研究结果表明,小鼠存活到断奶并不需要Amotl1。然而,携带人类测序研究中发现的变异的小鼠不能以正常比例存活到断奶。这些小鼠的死亡原因尚不清楚,这使我们对指标患者致病性的结论复杂化。因此,我们强调了当前颅面遗传研究面临的一些强大的机会和混杂因素。
A recent convergence of technological innovations has re-energized the ability to apply genetics to research in human craniofacial development. Next-generation exome and whole genome sequencing have significantly dropped in price, making it relatively trivial to sequence and analyze patients and families with congenital craniofacial anomalies. A concurrent revolution in genome editing with the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system enables the rapid generation of animal models, including mouse, which can precisely recapitulate human variants. Here, we summarize the choices currently available to the research community. We illustrate this approach with the study of a family with a novel craniofacial syndrome with dominant inheritance pattern. The genomic analysis suggested a causal variant in AMOTL1 which we modeled in mice. We also made a novel deletion allele of Amotl1. Our results indicate that Amotl1 is not required in the mouse for survival to weaning. Mice carrying the variant identified in the human sequencing studies, however, do not survive to weaning in normal ratios. The cause of death is not understood for these mice complicating our conclusions about the pathogenicity in the index patient. Thus, we highlight some of the powerful opportunities and confounding factors confronting current craniofacial genetic research.
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