Tubulin glutamylation regulates ciliary motility by altering inner dynein arm activity.

Tubulin glutamylation regulates ciliary motility by altering inner dynein arm activity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.062
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发表时间:
2010-03-09
期刊:
Current biology : CB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gaertig J
Gaertig J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Suryavanshi S;Eddé B;Fox LA;Guerrero S;Hard R;Hennessey T;Kabi A;Malison D;Pennock D;Sale WS;Wloga D;Gaertig J

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How microtubule-associated motor proteins are regulated is not well understood. A potential mechanism for spatial regulation of motor proteins is provided by post-translational modifications of tubulin subunits that form patterns on microtubules. Glutamylation is a conserved tubulin modification that is enriched in axonemes. The enzymes responsible for this PTM, glutamic acid ligases (E-ligases), belong to a family of proteins with a tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) homology domain (TTL-like or TTLL proteins). We show that in cilia of Tetrahymena, TTLL6 E-ligases generate glutamylation mainly on the B-tubule of outer doublet microtubules, the site of force production by ciliary dynein. Deletion of two TTLL6 paralogs caused severe deficiency in ciliary motility associated with abnormal waveform and reduced beat frequency. In isolated axonemes with a normal dynein arm composition, TTLL6 deficiency did not affect the rate of ATP-induced doublet microtubule sliding. Unexpectedly, the same TTLL6 deficiency increased the velocity of microtubule sliding in axonemes that also lack outer dynein arms, in which forces are generated by inner dynein arms. We conclude that tubulin glutamylation on the B-tubule inhibits the net force imposed on sliding doublet microtubules by inner dynein arms.
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