Developmental Change in a Spatial Task of Attentional Capacity: An Essay Toward an Integration of Two Working Memory Models
Developmental Change in a Spatial Task of Attentional Capacity: An Essay Toward an Integration of Two Working Memory Models
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注意能力空间任务的发展变化：关于两种工作记忆模型整合的论文
DOI：
10.1177/016502549401700102
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
C. Bailleux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. De Ribaupierre;C. Bailleux
本文的目的是说明工作记忆的两条研究路线的互补性，一方面是帕斯夸尔-莱昂内和凯斯的新皮亚杰模型，另一方面是巴德利的模型。在对每个模型进行简要总结之后，回顾它们的异同。然后提出了一项实证纵向研究作为说明。第一次评估时年龄分别为 5 岁、6 岁、8 岁和 10 岁的四组儿童，在五年内每年接受一次短期记忆任务（花生先生）检查，要求回忆小丑人物中彩色斑点的位置。使用了两个版本：单色任务（Peanut-P）和多彩任务（Peanut-C），其中受试者必须回忆位置和颜色。结果强调了三个方面。首先，我们发现 Peanut-C 中的性能随着项目复杂性达到一定水平而提高，超过该水平后，它们往往保持稳定；这种稳定性被解释为反映了新皮亚杰模型假设的处理资源的限制。其次，第四年观察到表现急剧下降，这与反应方式的变化相对应：任务是计算机化的，受试者必须使用电脑鼠标来回答。有人认为，对鼠标的监控会破坏性能，因为它与内存任务一样使用有限的资源。最后，结果表明，对鼠标的监控对位置的回忆的干扰比对颜色的回忆的干扰更大，如果监控计算机鼠标代表空间干扰任务，则可以预期这一点。还讨论了研究的方法学缺陷，并提出了进一步研究的建议。
The objective of this paper is to illustrate the complementarity of two lines of studies on Working Memory, the neo-Piagetian models of Pascual-Leone and Case on the one hand, and Baddeley's model, on the other. After a brief summary of each model, their similarities and differences are reviewed. An empirical longitudinal study is then presented as an illustration. Four cohorts of children, aged 5, 6, 8, and 10 years on the first assessment, were examined once a year over five years, with a short-term memory task (Mr Peanut), asking for the recall of the location of coloured spots in a clown figure. Two versions were used: a unicoloured task (Peanut-P) and a multicoloured task (Peanut-C), in which subjects had to recall both positions and colours. Three aspects of the results are emphasised. First, it was found that performances in Peanut-C increased with item complexity up to a certain level, beyond which they tended to remain stable; this stability was interpreted as reflecting the limits in processing resources which are postulated by neo-Piagetian models. Secondly, a drastic diminution in the performances was observed on the fourth year, corresponding to a change in the way of responding: The task was computerised, and subjects had to answer, using a computer mouse. It is argued that the monitoring of the mouse disrupts performances because it draws on the same limited resources as the memory task. Finally, results showed that the monitoring of the mouse interferes more with the recall of positions than with the recall of colours, as could be expected if monitoring a computer mouse represents a spatial interference task. Methodological drawbacks of the studies are also discussed, and suggestions for further research indicated.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
MCARDLE, JJ;EPSTEIN, D
通讯作者：
EPSTEIN, D
认知发展的机制。
影响因子：
24.8
作者：
Siegler,RS
通讯作者：
Siegler,RS