What Associative Learning in Insects Tells Us about the Evolution of Learned and Fixed Behavior
What Associative Learning in Insects Tells Us about the Evolution of Learned and Fixed Behavior
复制标题
昆虫的联想学习告诉我们什么是习得行为和固定行为的进化
DOI：
10.46867/ijcp.2015.28.01.07
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Guillette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Hollis;L. Guillette
当代的学习进化模型表明，环境的可预测性在学习是否有望在特定物种中进化方面起着关键作用，这一说法最初是在50多年前提出的。然而，在许多研究昆虫学习的行为科学家以及研究昆虫大脑结构的神经科学家中，出现了一种非常不同的观点，即所有拥有神经系统的动物都应该能够学习。更具体地说，联想学习的能力可能是神经系统的一种突现属性，因此，无论出于何种原因，只要选择压力有利于神经系统的进化，联想学习的能力就会自然而然地出现。调和这些不同的学习观点的一种方法是，提出这些进化模型中假设的默认，即非学习表型，是不正确的：学习能力实际上是默认的，但在某些条件下，选择压力可以超越这种能力，导致硬连线，或相当少的可塑性，反应。因此，学习进化的模型实际上可能是内在可塑性被推翻的条件的模型。此外，昆虫的学习成本可能是与复杂得多的认知技能相关的成本，而不是简单的联想学习--研究人员刚刚开始揭示的认知技能。
Contemporary models for the evolution of learning suggest that environmental predictability plays a critical role in whether learning is expected to evolve in a particular species, a claim originally made over 50 years ago. However, amongst many behavioral scientists who study insect learning, as well as amongst neuroscientists who study the brain architecture of insects, a very different view is emerging, namely that all animals possessing a nervous system should be able to learn. More specifically, the capacity for associative learning may be an emergent property of nervous systems such that, whenever selection pressures favor the evolution of nervous systems, for whatever reason, the capacity for associative learning follows ipso facto. One way to reconcile these disparate views of learning is to suggest that the assumed default in these evolutionary models, namely the non-learning phenotype, is incorrect: The ability to learn is, in fact, the default but, under certain conditions, selection pressures can override that ability, resulting in hard-wired, or considerably less plastic, responses. Thus, models for the evolution of learning actually may be models for the conditions under which inherent plasticity is overridden. Moreover, what have been revealed as the costs of learning in insects may, instead, be costs associated with far more complex cognitive feats than simple associative learning – cognitive skills that researchers are just now beginning to reveal.
DOI：
10.1152/physiol.00026.2010
发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Busto GU;Cervantes-Sandoval I;Davis RL
通讯作者：
Davis RL
学会辨别行走的苍蝇的模式方向。
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.204.1.1
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Campbell,HR;Strausfeld,NJ
通讯作者：
Strausfeld,NJ