Olfactory learning in Drosophila.
Olfactory learning in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1152/physiol.00026.2010
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发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Davis RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busto GU;Cervantes-Sandoval I;Davis RL
对果蝇嗅觉学习的研究为了解学习和记忆的大脑机制提供了关键的见解。一种类型的嗅觉学习，嗅觉经典条件反射，包括学习气味与厌恶或食欲刺激之间的偶然性。这种条件反射需要分子的活动，这些分子可以整合两种类型的感觉信息，即作为条件刺激的气味和作为非条件刺激的厌恶或食欲刺激，在大脑区域，这两种刺激的神经通路相交。令人信服的数据表明，一种特殊形式的腺苷酸环化酶作为蘑菇体神经元中感觉信息的分子整合器发挥作用。嗅觉信息从触角叶传递到蘑菇体的神经通路已被很好地描述。现在积累的数据表明，一些多巴胺能神经元提供的信息厌恶刺激和章鱼胺能神经元的食欲刺激的蘑菇体神经元。来自GABA能系统的抑制性输入似乎将嗅觉信息传递到蘑菇体，从而控制了学习气味的能力。通过功能成像程序获得的新兴数据表明，不同的记忆痕迹形成于不同的大脑区域，并与记忆的不同阶段相关。这些和其他实验的结果也表明，蘑菇体和其他几个大脑区域之间的串扰对记忆的形成至关重要。
Studies of olfactory learning in Drosophila have provided key insights into the brain mechanisms underlying learning and memory. One type of olfactory learning, olfactory classical conditioning, consists of learning the contingency between an odor with an aversive or appetitive stimulus. This conditioning requires the activity of molecules that can integrate the two types of sensory information, the odorant as the conditioned stimulus and the aversive or appetitive stimulus as the unconditioned stimulus, in brain regions where the neural pathways for the two stimuli intersect. Compelling data indicate that a particular form of adenylyl cyclase functions as a molecular integrator of the sensory information in the mushroom body neurons. The neuronal pathway carrying the olfactory information from the antennal lobes to the mushroom body is well described. Accumulating data now show that some dopaminergic neurons provide information about aversive stimuli and octopaminergic neurons about appetitive stimuli to the mushroom body neurons. Inhibitory inputs from the GABAergic system appear to gate olfactory information to the mushroom bodies and thus control the ability to learn about odors. Emerging data obtained by functional imaging procedures indicate that distinct memory traces form in different brain regions and correlate with different phases of memory. The results from these and other experiments also indicate that cross talk between mushroom bodies and several other brain regions is critical for memory formation.
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