Heparan sulfate in the nucleus and its control of cellular functions.
Heparan sulfate in the nucleus and its control of cellular functions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.009
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发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Sanderson, Ralph D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stewart, Mark D.;Sanderson, Ralph D.
硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖（HSPG）存在于细胞表面、细胞外基质内，并作为可溶性分子存在于组织和血液中。已知HSPG主要通过充当生长因子、趋化因子和控制炎症、伤口愈合和肿瘤发生的其他调节蛋白的共受体来调节广泛的细胞功能。一些研究已经证明了硫酸乙酰肝素（HS）或HSPG在细胞核中的存在，但很少有人关注它们在那里的作用。然而，越来越多的证据表明，核HS和HSPGs具有重要的调节功能，影响细胞周期，增殖，转录和货物运输到核。细胞核中蛋白聚糖的发现扩展了“非传统核蛋白”的列表，其包括例如细胞骨架蛋白如肌动蛋白和微管蛋白，以及生长因子及其受体。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了HS和HSPGs在细胞核中的发现和迷人的作用，并提出了一些有待解决的关键问题。
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are present on the cell surface, within the extracellular matrix, and as soluble molecules in tissues and blood. HSPGs are known to regulate a wide range of cellular functions predominantly by serving as co-receptors for growth factors, chemokines, and other regulatory proteins that control inflammation, wound healing and tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) or HSPGs in the cell nucleus, but little attention has been focused on their role there. However, evidence is mounting that nuclear HS and HSPGs have important regulatory functions that impact the cell cycle, proliferation, transcription and transport of cargo to the nucleus. The discovery of proteoglycans in the nucleus extends the list of “non-traditional nuclear proteins” that includes, for example, cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and tubulin, and growth factors and their receptors. In this review we discuss the discovery and fascinating roles of HS and HSPGs in the nucleus and propose a number of key questions that remain to be addressed.
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