Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis.
Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis.
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DOI：
10.3390/cells10112933
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发表时间：
2021-10-28
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Carver W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hohn J;Tan W;Carver A;Barrett H;Carver W
细胞外基质的积累和组成的改变是正常组织修复过程的一部分。在纤维化过程中，这一过程变得失调，过量的细胞外基质改变了相关组织的生物力学特性和功能。历史上纤维化被认为是进行性和不可逆的;然而，研究表明纤维化是一个动态过程，其进展可以停止甚至逆转。这一认识导致了对靶向纤维化和细胞外基质产生细胞的治疗剂的进一步追求。在许多器官中，成纤维细胞是产生细胞外基质的主要细胞。响应于不同的机械和生物化学刺激，这些细胞被激活或转分化成称为肌成纤维细胞的特化细胞，其具有增强的产生细胞外基质的能力。很明显，心脏不同细胞之间的相互作用能够调节成纤维细胞活化和纤维化。外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡，通过其递送至靶细胞的货物在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。虽然相对最近发现，但已证明外泌体在成纤维细胞活化和组织纤维化的调节中发挥重要的积极和消极作用。这些角色以及工程外泌体作为治疗工具的努力将被讨论。
Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis was thought to be progressive and irreversible; however, studies suggest that fibrosis is a dynamic process whose progression can be stopped and even reversed. This realization has led to an enhanced pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis and extracellular matrix-producing cells. In many organs, fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce the extracellular matrix. In response to diverse mechanical and biochemical stimuli, these cells are activated or transdifferentiate into specialized cells termed myofibroblasts that have an enhanced capacity to produce extracellular matrix. It is clear that interactions between diverse cells of the heart are able to modulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle that play an important role in intercellular communication via the cargo that they deliver to target cells. While relatively recently discovered, exosomes have been demonstrated to play important positive and negative roles in the regulation of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. These roles as well as efforts to engineer exosomes as therapeutic tools will be discussed.
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