Tree rings reveal signs of Europe's sustainable forest management long before the first historical evidence.
Tree rings reveal signs of Europe's sustainable forest management long before the first historical evidence.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-78933-8
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发表时间：
2020-12-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Büntgen U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muigg B;Skiadaresis G;Tegel W;Herzig F;Krusic PJ;Schmidt UE;Büntgen U
为了满足中世纪中欧对木材日益增长的需求，人们发展了一种新的森林管理制度，这种制度远远优于简单的伐木。采用了复杂的、符合标准(CWS)的管理实践，创造了一个两层的森林结构，既可以提供薪材，也可以提供建筑木材。在这里，我们提出了一项对巴伐利亚州北部积极管理的水煤浆森林的树干年代学研究，以检测覆盖层栎树(Quercus sp.)周期性林下采伐的径向生长响应，即所谓的标准。所有现代标准都显示出每30年左右一次的快速增长发布，很可能是由常规的林下管理造成的。我们进一步分析了2120块橡木的年轮宽度模式，这些木材来自德国南部和法国东北部的历史建筑和考古发掘，可以追溯到公元300年至2015年，并成功地确定了整个中世纪时期CWS的生长模式。一些潜在的CWS标准甚至可以追溯到第一个千年CE，这表明CWS管理在历史文件中第一次提到它之前就已经在实践中很久了。我们的树干年代学方法应该定期扩展，以确定考古和历史橡木中过去森林管理做法的特征。
To satisfy the increasing demand for wood in central Europe during medieval times, a new system of forest management was developed, one far superior to simple coppicing. The adoption of a sophisticated, Coppice-with-Standards (CWS) management practice created a two-storey forest structure that could provide fuelwood as well as construction timber. Here we present a dendrochronological study of actively managed CWS forests in northern Bavaria to detect the radial growth response to cyclical understorey harvesting in overstorey oaks (Quercus sp.), so-called standards. All modern standards exhibit rapid growth releases every circa 30 years, most likely caused by regular understorey management. We further analyse tree-ring width patterns in 2120 oak timbers from historical buildings and archaeological excavations in southern Germany and north-eastern France, dating between 300 and 2015 CE, and succeeded in identifying CWS growth patterns throughout the medieval period. Several potential CWS standards even date to the first millennium CE, suggesting CWS management has been in practice long before its first mention in historical documents. Our dendrochronological approach should be expanded routinely to indentify the signature of past forest management practices in archaeological and historical oak wood.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Brokaw, N;Thompson, J
通讯作者：
Thompson, J
影响因子：
3
作者：
Haneca, K;Van Acker, J;Beeckman, H
通讯作者：
Beeckman, H
影响因子：
3
作者：
André, F;Ponette, Q
通讯作者：
Ponette, Q
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bader, M.;Gimmi, U.;Burgi, M.
通讯作者：
Burgi, M.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bruckman, Viktor J.;Yan, Shuai;Glatzel, Gerhard
通讯作者：
Glatzel, Gerhard