Terminal Change Across Facets of Affective Experience and Domain Satisfaction: Commonalities, Differences, and Bittersweet Emotions at the End of Life
Terminal Change Across Facets of Affective Experience and Domain Satisfaction: Commonalities, Differences, and Bittersweet Emotions at the End of Life
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情感体验和领域满意度各个方面的最终变化：共性、差异和临终时苦乐参半的情绪
DOI：
10.1037/dev0000599
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发表时间：
--
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Kunzmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerstorf;Hueluer;Wagner;Kunzmann
众所周知，一般健康状况在生命结束时会急剧恶化。然而，最终变化率在幸福感的情感和评价方面有何不同，以及个体差异是否以特定方面的方式发挥作用，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。我们研究了当人们接近死亡时，离散的情感状态（快乐、愤怒、恐惧、悲伤）和对关键生活领域（健康、休闲、家庭）的满意度如何变化，以及临终轨迹的差异如何与社会人口统计（年龄、性别、教育）、身体健康（残疾、体重指数、就诊）和心理社会特征（感知控制、社会取向、与伴侣同居）相关。我们将增长模型应用于来自德国全国社会经济小组 (SOEP) 的 864 名参与者（死亡年龄：M= 75 岁，41% 女性）的 9 年年度纵向数据。研究结果揭示了最终变化的共性和特殊性：七个方面中的六个在晚年变得越来越脆弱（最终变化比年龄变化陡峭6到35倍），但变化的速度却截然不同（例如，幸福感和健康满意度的急剧下降与愤怒的稳定）以及变化发生的水平不同。这些相关因素也出现了共性和差异：那些认为自己对生活有更多控制权的人通常会经历更有利的晚年情感和满意度轨迹，而其他相关因素则以更具体的方式运作。例如，与伴侣同住的参与者在最后几年对家庭生活更加快乐和满意，但也报告了更多的恐惧和悲伤的急剧增加，这是生命结束时苦乐参半的情绪的画面。
General well-being is known to deteriorate sharply at the end of life. However, it is an open question how rates of terminal change differ across affective and evaluative facets of well-being and if individual difference correlates operate in facet-specific ways. We examined how discrete affective states (happy, angry, fearful, sad) and satisfaction with key life domains (health, leisure, family) change as people approach death and how differences in end-of-life trajectories are related to sociodemographic (age, gender, education), physical health (disability, body mass index, physician visits), and psychosocial characteristics (perceived control, social orientation, living with a partner). We applied growth models to 9-year annual longitudinal data of 864 participants (age at death: M= 75 years, 41% women) from the nationwide German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Findings revealed commonalities and specificities in terminal change: Six of seven facets became increasingly fragile late in life (6 to 35 times steeper terminal change than age change), but at vastly different rates of change (eg, steep declines in happiness and satisfaction with health vs. stability in anger) and at different levels at which changes occurred. Commonalities and differences also emerged for the correlates: Those who perceived more control over their lives experienced generally more favorable late-life affect and satisfaction trajectories, whereas other correlates operated in more facet-specific ways. For example, participants living with a partner were happier and more satisfied with family life throughout their last years, but also reported more fear and steeper increases in sadness, a picture of bittersweet emotions at the end of life.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
U. Schimmack
通讯作者：
U. Schimmack
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/57.6.p484
发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
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作者：
Kunzmann, U;Little, T;Smith, J
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Smith, J
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Carstensen,LL;Gottman,JM;Levenson,RW
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Levenson,RW
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Shmotkin
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D. Shmotkin