Adapting genetic algorithms for artificial evolution of visual patterns under selection from wild predators
Adapting genetic algorithms for artificial evolution of visual patterns under selection from wild predators
复制标题
采用遗传算法在野生捕食者的选择下进行视觉模式的人工进化
DOI：
10.1101/2023.11.15.567326
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Briolat E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briolat E
伪装是一种广泛使用且经过充分研究的反捕食者策略，但确定哪些模式在任何给定情况下提供最佳保护仍然具有挑战性。除了几乎无限的颜色和图案的组合可供猎物，伪装策略的选择将取决于猎物的外观，背景属性和捕食者特征之间的复杂的相互作用，在共同进化的捕食者和猎物之间的反复遭遇。人工进化实验，将心理物理学检测任务与遗传算法配对，提供了一种解决这种复杂性的有希望的方法，但复杂的遗传算法迄今为止仅限于基于屏幕的实验。在这里，我们提出的方法来测试物理猎物项目的颜色图案的演变，从野外捕食者的选择。我们的技术扩展了最近开发的开放访问模式生成和遗传算法框架，修改操作旁边的人工捕食实验。在这个系统中，捕食者自由地与猎物相互作用，攻击的顺序决定了猎物模式的生存和繁殖到后代。我们证明了这些方法的可行性与案例研究，其中自由飞翔的鸟类饲料人工猎物部署在半自然条件下，对不同的三维复杂性的背景。野生捕食者可靠地参与了这个实验，觅食11至16代的人工猎物，并遇到了总共1,296个进化的猎物项目。几代之间的猎物模式的变化表明改进的几个指标的相似性的背景，更大的边缘破坏，虽然效果的大小相对较小。这些试验的基于计算机的重复，与人类志愿者，强调了开始人口参数的重要性，为随后的演变，一个关键的考虑因素时，应用这些方法。最终，这些方法提供了途径，将复杂的遗传算法集成到更自然的捕食试验。可定制的开放获取工具应有助于这些工具的应用，以调查更生态相关的背景下的各种视觉模式类型。
Camouflage is a widespread and well-studied anti-predator strategy, yet identifying which patterns provide optimal protection in any given scenario remains challenging. Besides the virtually limitless combinations of colours and patterns available to prey, selection for camouflage strategies will depend on complex interactions between prey appearance, background properties and predator traits, across repeated encounters between co-evolving predators and prey. Experiments in artificial evolution, pairing psychophysics detection tasks with genetic algorithms, offer a promising way to tackle this complexity, but sophisticated genetic algorithms have so far been restricted to screen-based experiments. Here, we present methods to test the evolution of colour patterns on physical prey items, under selection from wild predators in the field. Our techniques expand on a recently-developed open-access pattern generation and genetic algorithm framework, modified to operate alongside artificial predation experiments. In this system, predators freely interact with prey, and the order of attack determines the survival and reproduction of prey patterns into future generations. We demonstrate the feasibility of these methods with a case study, in which free-flying birds feed on artificial prey deployed in semi-natural conditions, against backgrounds differing in three-dimensional complexity. Wild predators reliably participated in this experiment, foraging for 11 to 16 generations of artificial prey and encountering a total of 1,296 evolved prey items. Changes in prey pattern across generations indicated improvements in several metrics of similarity to the background, and greater edge disruption, although effect sizes were relatively small. Computer-based replicates of these trials, with human volunteers, highlighted the importance of starting population parameters for subsequent evolution, a key consideration when applying these methods. Ultimately, these methods provide pathways for integrating complex genetic algorithms into more naturalistic predation trials. Customisable open-access tools should facilitate application of these tools to investigate a wide range of visual pattern types in more ecologically-relevant contexts.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.2655
发表时间：
2022-03-30
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
C. McHenry