“The Happiness of the Individual Is of Primary Importance”: Genetic Counselling in the GDR

“The Happiness of the Individual Is of Primary Importance”: Genetic Counselling in the GDR
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“个人的幸福是最重要的”:东德的遗传咨询

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-51783-4_23
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Susanne
Susanne
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Susanne

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在国家社会主义过去和李森科学说的背景下,德意志民主共和国(德意志民主共和国)的人类基因研究一直在有限的规模上进行,直到20世纪60年代末。从苏联搬来的李森科学说宣称后天习得特征的遗传是事实,并谴责遗传学是伪科学。尽管如此,东德科学家在一些利基领域进行了人类基因研究,尽管有了李森科,遗传病的概念仍然存在。本文介绍了在冷战背景下,导致20世纪70年代德国建立遗传咨询家庭服务的不同政治和科学发展。它展示了遗传咨询是如何嵌入社会主义卫生保健系统并纳入计划生育的。此外,我还分析了它是如何付诸实践的。民主德国遗传咨询的限制因素不是意识形态原因,而是缺乏资源。总体遗传咨询的特点是情况模棱两可:一方面,遗传咨询应完全是自愿的,另一方面,其目标是防止残疾儿童的出生,并促进“健康”儿童的出生。
Against the background of the National Socialist past and the Lysenko doctrine, human genetic research in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was practiced on a limited scale up until the late 1960s. The doctrine of Lysenko, which had been transferred from the Soviet Union, proclaimed the inheritance of acquired characteristics as a fact and denounced genetics as pseudoscience. Nevertheless, East German scientists practiced human genetic research in some niches, and the concept of hereditary diseases existed in spite of Lysenko.The paper presents the different political and scientific developments that led to the establishment of a genetic counselling family service in the GDR in the 1970s against the backdrop of the Cold War. It shows how genetic counselling was embedded in the socialist health-care system and integrated into family planning. In addition, I analyze how it was put into practice. Limiting factors of genetic counselling in the GDR were not ideological reasons but the lack of resources. Overall genetic counselling was characterized by an ambiguous situation: on the one hand, genetic counselling should be strictly voluntary, and on the other hand, its goal was to prevent the birth of disabled children and to foster the birth of “healthy” ones.
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