Sperm methylation profiles reveal features of epigenetic inheritance and evolution in primates.
Sperm methylation profiles reveal features of epigenetic inheritance and evolution in primates.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.016
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发表时间:
2011-09-16
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Smith AD
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Molaro A;Hodges E;Fang F;Song Q;McCombie WR;Hannon GJ;Smith AD
During germ cell and preimplantation development, mammalian cells undergo nearly complete reprogramming of DNA methylation patterns. We profiled the methylomes of human and chimp sperm as a basis for comparison to methylation patterns of ES cells. While the majority of promoters escape methylation in both ES cells and sperm, the corresponding hypomethylated regions show substantial structural differences. Repeat elements are heavily methylated in both germ and somatic cells; however, retrotransposons from several subfamilies evade methylation more effectively during male germ cell development, while other subfamilies show the opposite trend. Comparing methylomes of human and chimp sperm revealed a subset of differentially methylated promoters and strikingly divergent methylation in retrotransposon subfamilies, with an evolutionary impact that is apparent in the underlying genomic sequence. Thus, the features that determine DNA methylation patterns differ between male germ cells and somatic cells, and elements of these features have diverged between humans and chimpanzees.
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