Shifting senses in lexical semantic development.
Shifting senses in lexical semantic development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2010.06.007
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发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Pylkkänen L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rabagliati H;Marcus GF;Pylkkänen L
大多数单词都与多种意义相关联。DVD可以是圆的(描述光盘时)，也可以是一小时长的(描述电影时)，在每种情况下，DVD都意味着不同的东西。单词的可能含义通常是可预测的，但也是受限制的，因为单词不能具有任何意义：例如，尽管一部电影可以长达一小时，但它不能明智地被描述为圆形(不像DVD)。学习词义的范围和界限对于理解自然语言是至关重要的，但对儿童来说却是一个潜在的难以学习的问题。通过测试孩子们愿意为不同的单词分配什么意义，我们证明了，在理解中，问题是通过有效的学习策略来解决的。儿童完全有能力为一个单词分配不同的含义；事实上，他们在分配许可含义方面基本上是成年人一样的。但在确定哪些词义是可分配的时出现了困难：儿童系统性地高估了一个单词的可能词义，允许成年人在未经许可的情况下决定词义(例如，拿一部电影来指代光盘)。相比之下，这一策略不会扩展到生产，在生产中，儿童使用有许可证的感官，但不是未经许可的感官。儿童的生产性理解策略表明，在感觉解析(对自然语言处理算法来说，这是一项困难的任务)中使用上下文的早期工具，但留下了一个耐人寻味的问题，即儿童使用什么机制来学习一组受限的、成人般的感觉。
Most words are associated with multiple senses. A DVD can be round (when describing a disc), and a DVD can be an hour long (when describing a movie), and in each case DVD means something different. The possible senses of a word are often predictable, and also constrained, as words cannot take just any meaning: for example, although a movie can be an hour long, it cannot sensibly be described as round (unlike a DVD). Learning the scope and limits of word meaning is vital for the comprehension of natural language, but poses a potentially difficult learnability problem for children. By testing what senses children are willing to assign to a variety of words, we demonstrate that, in comprehension, the problem is solved using a productive learning strategy. Children are perfectly capable of assigning different senses to a word; indeed they are essentially adult-like at assigning licensed meanings. But difficulties arise in determining which senses are assignable: children systematically overestimate the possible senses of a word, allowing meanings that adults rule unlicensed (e.g., taking round movie to refer to a disc). By contrast, this strategy does not extend to production, in which children use licensed, but not unlicensed, senses. Children’s productive comprehension strategy suggests an early emerging facility for using context in sense resolution (a difficult task for natural language processing algorithms), but leaves an intriguing question as to the mechanisms children use to learn a restricted, adult-like set of senses.
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