Differences in preschoolers' and adults' use of generics about novel animals and artifacts: a window onto a conceptual divide.

Differences in preschoolers' and adults' use of generics about novel animals and artifacts: a window onto a conceptual divide.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2008.08.005
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发表时间:
2009-01
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Gelman SA
Gelman SA
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brandone AC;Gelman SA

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儿童和成人通常会产生更通用的名词短语(例如,鸟飞)关于动物比文物。这可能反映了参与者对特定动物/人工制品的一般知识的差异(例如,狗/椅子),或者它可以反映更一般的区别。为了测试这一点,目前的实验要求成年人和学龄前儿童产生关于新动物和文物的属性(实验1:真实的动物/文物;实验2-3:匹配最相似的新动物/文物对)。数据表明,即使没有关于这些项目的先验知识,产生一个通用的可能性是显着更大的动物比文物。这些结果留下了一个悬而未决的问题,即这种模式是经验和习得的联想的产物,还是一套关于动物和人工制品的早期发展理论。
Children and adults commonly produce more generic noun phrases (e.g., Birds fly) about animals than artifacts. This may reflect differences in participants' generic knowledge about specific animals/artifacts (e.g., dogs/chairs), or it may reflect a more general distinction. To test this, the current experiments asked adults and preschoolers to generate properties about novel animals and artifacts (Experiment 1: Real animals/artifacts; Experiments 2-3: Matched pairs of maximally similar novel animals/artifacts). Data demonstrate that even without prior knowledge about these items, the likelihood of producing a generic is significantly greater for animals than artifacts. These results leave open the question of whether this pattern is the product of experience and learned associations or instead a set of early-developing theories about animals and artifacts.
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.823
发表时间: 1998-09-01
影响因子: 4
作者:
Diesendruck, G;Gelman, SA;Lebowitz, K
通讯作者: Lebowitz, K
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00022-5
发表时间: 1998-05-02
期刊: COGNITION
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发表时间: 1991-01-01
期刊: LINGUISTICS
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发表时间: 1999-06-01
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