Allelic differences within and among sister spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum suggest segregation at sporulation.
Allelic differences within and among sister spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum suggest segregation at sporulation.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0083301
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hijri M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boon E;Zimmerman E;St-Arnaud M;Hijri M
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是一种与寄主植物形成共生关系的根栖真菌。AMF由菌丝的胞浆网络组成，细胞核和细胞器可以在其中自由移动。在本研究中，我们研究了低拷贝polymerase1样基因PLS在孢子形成时存在遗传瓶颈和等位基因变异分离的可能性。具体而言，我们的目标是：(1)估计传递给单个孢子的等位基因多样性(2)确定该多样性是否小于所有孢子中发现的变异总量(3)调查是否存在等位基因变异的差异分离。我们接种了三个番茄植株，每个植株有一个球孢，六个月后，每个番茄植株有两个到三个子孢子。对8个孢子的PLS扩增子进行焦磷酸测序，发现等位基因多样性较高；每个孢子有43到152个等位基因。我们证实了孢子焦磷酸测序结果与Sanger-和焦磷酸测序等位基因分布从原始亲本分离。两种测序方法都从子代孢子等位基因分布中检索到最丰富的等位基因。我们的结果表明，单个孢子只包含来自混合孢子和亲本分离物的总等位基因变异的一个子集。孢子之间的等位基因多样性模式表明孢子之间存在PLS等位基因分离的可能性。我们得出结论，在AMF的孢子形成过程中可能会发生遗传瓶颈，导致姐妹孢子之间的遗传变异存在差异。我们认为这种瓶颈的影响可以通过相关菌丝之间的吻合（菌丝融合）来抵消。
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root-inhabiting fungi that form mutualistic symbioses with their host plants. AMF are made up of coenocytic networks of hyphae through which nuclei and organelles can freely migrate. In this study, we investigated the possibility of a genetic bottleneck and segregation of allelic variation at sporulation for a low-copy Polymerase1-like gene, PLS. Specifically, our objectives were (1) to estimate what allelic diversity is passed on to a single spore (2) to determine whether this diversity is less than the total amount of variation found in all spores (3) to investigate whether there is any differential segregation of allelic variation. We inoculated three tomato plants with a single spore of Glomus etunicatum each and after six months sampled between two and three daughter spores per tomato plant. Pyrosequencing PLS amplicons in eight spores revealed high levels of allelic diversity; between 43 and 152 alleles per spore. We corroborated the spore pyrosequencing results with Sanger- and pyrosequenced allele distributions from the original parent isolate. Both sequencing methods retrieved the most abundant alleles from the offspring spore allele distributions. Our results indicate that individual spores contain only a subset of the total allelic variation from the pooled spores and parent isolate. Patterns of allele diversity between spores suggest the possibility for segregation of PLS alleles among spores. We conclude that a genetic bottleneck could potentially occur during sporulation in AMF, with resulting differences in genetic variation among sister spores. We suggest that the effects of this bottleneck may be countered by anastomosis (hyphal fusion) between related hyphae.
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