Tongue as a first-line immune organ?
Tongue as a first-line immune organ?
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DOI：
10.1007/s13238-020-00802-x
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
21.1
通讯作者：
Wu JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu JY
舌头是一个器官战略性地位于胃肠道（GI）系统的开始，但它一直显着不足的研究。不仅没有专门针对舌头的独立子专业，甚至还被排除在NCBI基因表达数据库中完整存档的27个人体器官/组织之外。除了少数研究舌癌的医生外，我的西医同事几乎没有人关注过它。舌头通常被描述为对味觉、咀嚼、言语和感觉很重要的肌肉器官。除了它的发展，解剖学/大体结构分析和味觉功能（最近的评论，见罗珀和乔德里，2017），人类舌头在西方医学中的研究很少，特别是在全身性疾病中的作用方面。然而，在中国传统医学（TCM）中，舌头占有特殊的地位。在西方医学出现之前的几千年里，对“舌苔”、“舌体”和形态特征的评估是中医诊断疾病的最关键技能之一。众所周知，脊椎动物的舌具有丰富的神经支配、血液供应和淋巴引流。尽管如此，人类的舌头作为一种感觉器官，与其他感觉器官如眼睛，耳朵或鼻子相比，研究得要少得多。舌头在全身性疾病或免疫中的作用被低估了，如果不是完全被忽视的话。在这里，我认为舌头是一个第一线的免疫器官，在防御各种疾病方面起着至关重要的作用。这一观点得到了越来越多的证据的支持，尽管数据仍然是零星的，而且大部分是传闻。在最近全球爆发的COVID-19大流行中，普遍有报告称感染SARScoV 2的患者失去了味觉和嗅觉，这使舌头在病毒感染中的潜在参与再次成为我们关注的焦点。有几条证据支持我的假设，即人类的舌头是一个免疫器官。首先，舌上皮细胞作为一个有效的防御屏障，抵御大量的过敏原，免疫原和病原体。它
The tongue is an organ strategically situated at the beginning of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, yet it has been remarkably understudied. Not only there is no separate subspecialty dedicated to the tongue, it is even excluded from 27 human organs/tissues thoroughly archived in the NCBI gene expression database. Almost none of my physician colleagues in Western medicine have paid attention to it, except a few who study tongue cancer. The tongue is typically described as a muscular organ important for taste, mastication, speech and sensation. Other than its development, anatomy/gross structural analyses and taste function (for recent reviews, see Roper and Chaudhari, 2017), the human tongue is poorly studied in Western medicine, in particular, in terms of its roles in systemic diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), however, the tongue holds a special place. Assessing the “tongue coating”,“tongue body” and morphological features is one of the most critical skills that TCM doctors have relied on for disease diagnoses for thousands of years before the advent of Western Medicine.It is well known that vertebrate tongues are rich in nerve innervation, blood supply and lymphatic drainage. Nonetheless, the human tongue as a sensory organ, is much less studied in comparison with other sensory organs such as eyes, ears or nose. The role of the tongue in systemic diseases or immunity has been underestimated, if not entirely overlooked. Here, I propose that the tongue serves as a first-line immune organ and plays a critical role in defense against various diseases. This notion is supported by accumulating evidence, although data still remain sporadic and largely anecdotal. In the recent pandemic COVID-19 outbreaks around the world, there have been prevalent reports of losses of taste and smell in patients infected with SARScoV2, bringing the potential involvement of the tongue in viral infection into our focus again. Several lines of evidence support my hypothesis that the human tongue acts as an immune organ. First, the tongue epithelium acts as an efficient defense barrier against vast amounts of allergens, immunogens and pathogens. It
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Thirion-Delalande C;Gervais F;Fisch C;Cuiné J;Baron-Bodo V;Moingeon P;Mascarell L
通讯作者：
Mascarell L
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Gondak, Rogerio O.;Alves, Daniel B.;Vargas, Pablo A.
通讯作者：
Vargas, Pablo A.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Grassin-Delyle, Stanislas;Salvator, Helene;Devillier, Philippe
通讯作者：
Devillier, Philippe
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Freund, Jenna R.;Mansfield, Corrine J.;Lee, Robert J.
通讯作者：
Lee, Robert J.
DOI：
10.1038/nrn.2017.68
发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Roper SD;Chaudhari N
通讯作者：
Chaudhari N