CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery System Engineering for Genome Editing in Therapeutic Applications.

CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery System Engineering for Genome Editing in Therapeutic Applications.
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CRISPR/Cas9递送系统工程用于治疗应用中的基因组编辑。

DOI:
10.3390/pharmaceutics13101649
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发表时间:
2021-10-09
期刊:
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Ding Y
Ding Y
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cheng H;Zhang F;Ding Y

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成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR)/相关蛋白 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) 系统已成为强大且多功能的基因组编辑平台,用于基因校正、转录调控、疾病建模和核酸成像。然而,转染不足和脱靶风险严重阻碍了CRISPR/Cas9技术的潜在生物医学应用。在此,我们回顾了基于病毒和非病毒载体的 CRISPR/Cas9 系统递送的最新进展。我们总结了 CRISPR/Cas9 启发的临床试验,并分析了试验中应用的 CRISPR/Cas9 递送技术。本综述重点介绍了合理设计的非病毒载体,用于传递三种典型形式的 CRISPR/Cas9 系统,包括质粒 DNA (pDNA)、mRNA 和核糖核蛋白(RNP,与 gRNA 复合的 Cas9 蛋白)。进一步讨论了解决脱靶问题的向量衍生策略。此外,我们还考虑了实现基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的基因组编辑的临床潜力的挑战和前景。
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems have emerged as a robust and versatile genome editing platform for gene correction, transcriptional regulation, disease modeling, and nucleic acids imaging. However, the insufficient transfection and off-target risks have seriously hampered the potential biomedical applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Herein, we review the recent progress towards CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery based on viral and non-viral vectors. We summarize the CRISPR/Cas9-inspired clinical trials and analyze the CRISPR/Cas9 delivery technology applied in the trials. The rational-designed non-viral vectors for delivering three typical forms of CRISPR/Cas9 system, including plasmid DNA (pDNA), mRNA, and ribonucleoprotein (RNP, Cas9 protein complexed with gRNA) were highlighted in this review. The vector-derived strategies to tackle the off-target concerns were further discussed. Moreover, we consider the challenges and prospects to realize the clinical potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing.
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