Back to School in a New Country? The Educational Participation of Adult Immigrants in a Life-Course Perspective

Back to School in a New Country? The Educational Participation of Adult Immigrants in a Life-Course Perspective
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回到新国家的学校?

DOI:
10.1007/s12134-014-0401-1
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发表时间:
--
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Janina
Janina
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--
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--
作者:
Janina

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虽然移民子女的教育是一个研究较多的主题,但我们对成年移民参与教育的情况知之甚少。然而,终身学习是高度工业化社会的共同需求。本文首次对德国成年移民的教育参与情况进行了实证分析。它使用了新颖的德国国家教育小组研究与独特的回顾性生命历程数据。通过采用生命过程的观点,在生命过程中的跨国连续性以及迁移造成的断裂被捕获。分析调查了参与教育以何种方式嵌入移民的跨国生活过程。可以看出,移民接受正规和非正规全日制教育的情况很普遍。这些假设预测了(1)移民前活动和(2)法律的移民途径的核心影响。序列和聚类分析检测到两个教育相关的纳入模式:一个是由教育活动的主导地位和其他阶段的教育与就业和失业交替。多变量模型的结果强调了移民前活动的预测能力,即,移民生命历程的跨国连续性。但我们也可以观察到实质性的破坏,如从就业到教育的跨国过渡,这可能是对外国教育证书不承认或贬值的强制性反应。与法律的移民门户相关的制度机会和处置是教育参与的更有力的预测因素。总之,本文说明了结构性机会和个人机构的相互作用如何发挥出不同的纳入轨迹的成年移民的形成。
While the education of the children of immigrants is a much-researched theme, we know very little about the participation of adult immigrants in education. And yet, lifelong learning is a common demand in highly industrialized societies. This article provides a first empirical analysis of adult immigrants’ educational participation in Germany. It uses the novel German National Educational Panel Study with unique retrospective life-course data. By adopting a life-course perspective, both transnational continuities in the life-course as well as the ruptures caused by migration are captured. The analysis investigates in what ways participation in education is embedded in immigrants’ transnational life-course. It can be shown that immigrants’ participation in formal and nonformal full-time education is common. Hypotheses predict a central influence of (1) pre-immigration activities and (2) of legal immigration gateways. Sequence and cluster analysis detect two education-related incorporation patterns: one is marked by a dominance of educational activities and the other by phases in education alternate with employment and unemployment. The results of multivariate models underline the predictive power of pre-immigration activity, i.e., transnational continuity in immigrants’ life courses. But we can also observe substantial disruption like the transnational transition from employment to education which can be the enforced response to nonrecognition or devaluation of foreign educational credentials. Institutional opportunities and dispositions linked to legal immigration gateways are even more powerful predictors of educational participation. Altogether, the article illustrates how the interaction of structural opportunities and individual agency plays out in the formation of different incorporation trajectories of adult immigrants.
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