New Constructions of Statistical NIZKs: Dual-Mode DV-NIZKs and More

New Constructions of Statistical NIZKs: Dual-Mode DV-NIZKs and More
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统计 NIZK 的新结构:双模 DV-NIZK 等

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-45727-3_14
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wu, D.J.
Wu, D.J.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Libert, B.;Passelègue, A.;Wee, H.;Wu, D.J.

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非交互式零知识证明(NIZK)是密码学中的重要基础。自NIZK的早期工作以来,一个主要的挑战是构造NIZK,对无界验证者具有无偏零知识保证。在公共参考串(CRS)模型中,这种“统计NIZK参数”目前已知来自配对组和。在(可重用的)指定验证者模型(DV-NIZK)中,可信设置算法生成可重用的验证密钥用于检查证明,我们也有一个构造。如果我们放松对计算零知识的要求,我们还可以从CRS模型中的配对组中分解和,以及几乎所有暗示公钥加密的假设(例如,)中获得NIZK在指定验证者模型中。因此,仍然存在着差距,我们的理解统计NIZK在CRS和指定验证者models.In这项工作中,我们开发了新的技术来构建统计NIZK参数。首先,我们构造统计DV-NIZK参数的假设在配对自由群,假设,和假设。这是无配对群中的第一个构造,并且满足统计零知识。我们所有的构造都是安全的,即使验证密钥是恶意选择的(即, 它们是“恶意指定验证者”NIZK),而且,它们满足“双模式”特性,其中CRS可以从两个计算上不可区分的分布中采样:一个分布产生统计DV-NIZK参数,而另一个产生计算DV-NIZK证明。然后,我们展示了如何适应我们的建设在一个配对组,以获得新的公开可验证的统计NIZK参数从配对与aqualanterweakerassumption比现有的构造基于配对的统计NIZKs。虽然FLS框架传统上被用来构建计算(DV)-NIZK证明,我们新表明,可以利用相同的框架来构建双模式(DV)-NIZK。
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs (NIZKs) are important primitives in cryptography. A major challenge since the early works on NIZKs has been to construct NIZKs with astatisticalzero-knowledge guarantee against unbounded verifiers. In the common reference string (CRS) model, such “statistical NIZK arguments” are currently known fromin a pairing-group and from. In the (reusable) designated-verifier model (DV-NIZK), where a trusted setup algorithm generates a reusable verification key for checking proofs, we also have a construction from. If we relax our requirements tocomputationalzero-knowledge, we additionally have NIZKs from factoring andin a pairing group in the CRS model, and from nearlyallassumptions that imply public-key encryption (e.g.,,,) in the designated-verifier model. Thus, there still remains a gap in our understanding of statistical NIZKs in both the CRS and the designated-verifier models.In this work, we develop new techniques for constructing statistical NIZK arguments. First, we construct statistical DV-NIZK arguments from theassumption inpairing-freegroups, theassumption, and theassumption. These are the first constructions in pairing-free groups and fromthat satisfy statistical zero-knowledge. All of our constructions are secure even if the verification key is chosen maliciously (i.e., they are “malicious-designated-verifier” NIZKs), and moreover, they satisfy a “dual-mode” property where the CRS can be sampled from two computationally indistinguishable distributions: one distribution yieldsstatistical DV-NIZK argumentswhile the other yieldscomputational DV-NIZK proofs. We then show how to adapt ourconstruction in a pairing group to obtain newpublicly-verifiablestatistical NIZK arguments from pairings with aqualitatively weakerassumption than existing constructions of pairing-based statistical NIZKs.Our constructions follow the classic paradigm of Feige, Lapidot, and Shamir (FLS). While the FLS framework has traditionally been used to construct computational (DV)-NIZK proofs, we newly show that the same framework can be leveraged to construct dual-mode (DV)-NIZKs.
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