Migration, acculturation, and the maintenance of between-group cultural variation.
Migration, acculturation, and the maintenance of between-group cultural variation.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0205573
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mesoudi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mesoudi A
移民和文化适应(即移民导致的心理或行为变化)如何影响群体内和群体间的文化差异？在这里，我通过在基因进化和文化进化之间进行类比来解决这个问题。种群遗传模型表明，迁徙迅速打破了种群间的遗传结构。然而，在文化进化中，移民或他们的后代可以通过从众等社会学习过程来适应当地的行为，这可能会阻止移民消除群体间的文化差异。对关于移徙的经验性文献的分析表明，文化适应是很常见的，第二代和随后的移徙一代向被接纳社会的文化价值观转变，有时是相当大的转变。然而，人们对这些人口层面的变化背后的个人层面的动态知之甚少。为了正式地探讨这一点，我提出了一些模型，量化了移民和文化适应对群体间文化差异的影响，包括中性特征和代价高昂的合作特征。在模型中，使用F统计量测量的群体间文化差异被移民消除，并由墨守成规的文化适应来维持。文化适应的程度取决于墨守成规的偏见的强度和个人向其学习的示威者的数量。文化适应通过分类来对抗，分类是个体优先与文化相似的其他人互动的倾向。与中性特质不同，合作特质还可以通过偏向回报的社会学习来维持，但只有在存在强有力的制裁机制(如制度)的情况下才能保持。总体而言，这些模型表明，要保持现实的群体间文化多样性，几乎不需要太多的墨守成规的文化适应。虽然这些模型提供了对文化适应和移民在文化演变中的潜在动态的洞察，但它们也突显了需要对移民文化适应背后的个人层面的学习偏见进行更多的实证研究。
How do migration and acculturation (i.e. psychological or behavioral change resulting from migration) affect within- and between-group cultural variation? Here I address this question by drawing analogies between genetic and cultural evolution. Population genetic models show that migration rapidly breaks down between-group genetic structure. In cultural evolution, however, migrants or their descendants can acculturate to local behaviors via social learning processes such as conformity, potentially preventing migration from eliminating between-group cultural variation. An analysis of the empirical literature on migration suggests that acculturation is common, with second and subsequent migrant generations shifting, sometimes substantially, towards the cultural values of the adopted society. Yet there is little understanding of the individual-level dynamics that underlie these population-level shifts. To explore this formally, I present models quantifying the effect of migration and acculturation on between-group cultural variation, for both neutral and costly cooperative traits. In the models, between-group cultural variation, measured using F statistics, is eliminated by migration and maintained by conformist acculturation. The extent of acculturation is determined by the strength of conformist bias and the number of demonstrators from whom individuals learn. Acculturation is countered by assortation, the tendency for individuals to preferentially interact with culturally-similar others. Unlike neutral traits, cooperative traits can additionally be maintained by payoff-biased social learning, but only in the presence of strong sanctioning mechanisms (e.g. institutions). Overall, the models show that surprisingly little conformist acculturation is required to maintain realistic amounts of between-group cultural diversity. While these models provide insight into the potential dynamics of acculturation and migration in cultural evolution, they also highlight the need for more empirical research into the individual-level learning biases that underlie migrant acculturation.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Aplin, Lucy M.;Farine, Damien R.;Morand-Ferron, Julie;Cockburn, Andrew;Thornton, Alex;Sheldon, Ben C.
通讯作者：
Sheldon, Ben C.
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0903232106
发表时间：
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影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2010.0135
发表时间：
2010-09-12
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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