Influence of expiratory flow pulsatility on the effectiveness of a surgical mask
Influence of expiratory flow pulsatility on the effectiveness of a surgical mask
复制标题
呼气流量脉动对外科口罩有效性的影响
DOI：
10.1038/s41370-022-00416-x
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Raghav, Vrishank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morris, Sarah;McAtee, William;Capecelatro, Jesse;Raghav, Vrishank
背景呼气事件（例如咳嗽）本质上通常是脉动的，并导致输送呼出颗粒的涡流结构。世界卫生组织建议佩戴口罩以减少 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) 等疾病的空气传播。然而，面罩并不完美，因为面罩周围会发生流量泄漏，并且其在真实（多脉冲）咳嗽条件下的有效性未知。目的通过对面罩周围的流量泄漏进行量化和分类，评估呼气流量脉动对外科口罩有效性的影响。方法使用定制的脉动呼气流量模拟器来生成单脉冲和多脉冲咳嗽事件。采用流动可视化和粒子图像测速技术评估外科口罩顶部和侧面泄漏流的穿透距离和体积。结果外科口罩顶部和侧面的泄漏流速度分布分别呈现壁射流和自由剪切射流的形式。研究发现，与单脉冲事件相比，多脉冲呼气流量事件在面罩周围产生更大的泄漏流量。意义首次表明，外科口罩的泄漏量与咳嗽的脉动性质相关。影响声明这项研究的新颖之处在于：首先，使用流场测量对外科口罩顶部和侧面周围的泄漏流场进行量化和分类，为泄漏流速分布的定量建模提供了基准。其次，通过量化泄漏量来研究脉动对外科口罩有效性的影响。首次显示外科口罩的泄漏量与咳嗽的脉动性质相关，因为发现多脉冲呼气流量事件比单脉冲事件在面罩周围产生更大的流量泄漏。
BackgroundExpiratory events, such as coughs, are often pulsatile in nature and result in vortical flow structures that transport expiratory particles. The World Health Organization recommends wearing face masks to reduce the airborne transmission of diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). However, masks are not perfect as flow leakage occurs around the mask, and their effectiveness under realistic (multi-pulse) coughing conditions is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the influence of expiratory flow pulsatility on the effectiveness of a surgical face mask by quantifying and classifying the flow leakage around the mask.MethodsA custom-built pulsatile expiratory flow simulator is used to generate single- and multi-pulsed coughing events. Flow visualization and particle image velocimetry are used to assess the penetration distance and volume of leakage flow at the top and sides of a surgical mask.ResultsLeakage flow velocity profiles at the top and sides of a surgical mask take the form of a wall jet and a free-shear jet, respectively. Multi-pulsed expiratory flow events are found to generate greater leakage flow around the mask than single-pulsed events.SignificanceFor the first time, the leakage volume of a surgical mask is shown to be correlated to the pulsatile nature of a cough.Impact statementThe novelties of this study are: First, flow field measurements are used to quantify and classify the leakage flow fields around the top and sides of a surgical mask, providing a benchmark for quantitative modeling of leakage flow velocity profiles. Second, the influence of pulsatility on the effectiveness of surgical face masks is studied by quantifying the leakage volume. For the first time, the leakage volume of a surgical mask is shown to be correlated to the pulsatile nature of a cough, as multi-pulsed expiratory flow events are found to generate greater flow leakage around the mask than single-pulsed events.
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影响因子：
17.3
作者：
R. Hare
通讯作者：
R. Hare
DOI：
10.1063/5.0048746
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Monroe K;Yao Y;Lattanzi A;Raghav V;Capecelatro J
通讯作者：
Capecelatro J
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Mittal, Rajat;Ni, Rui;Seo, Jung-Hee
通讯作者：
Seo, Jung-Hee
DOI：
10.1115/1.3239933
发表时间：
1986-06
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
P. Vermeulen;V. Ramesh;W. Yu
通讯作者：
P. Vermeulen;V. Ramesh;W. Yu
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Darby S;Chulliyallipalil K;Przyjalgowski M;McGowan P;Jeffers S;Giltinan A;Lewis L;Smith N;Sleator RD
通讯作者：
Sleator RD