Detection of volatile indicators of illicit substances by the olfactory receptors of Drosophila melanogaster.
Detection of volatile indicators of illicit substances by the olfactory receptors of Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1093/chemse/bjq050
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发表时间：
2010-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
de Bruyne M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marshall B;Warr CG;de Bruyne M
昆虫可以通过数字简单的嗅觉系统检测到大范围的气味，该系统具有高灵敏度和准确的辨别力。因此，昆虫嗅觉受体作为生物传感器在一系列应用中检测挥发性有机化学物质具有巨大的前景。黑腹果蝇的嗅觉受体神经元阵列正在迅速成为最具特征的天然鼻子。我们研究了果蝇受体作为挥发物检测器的适用性，并将其应用于执法、应急响应和安全。我们首先描述了大多数嗅觉神经元类型对一组诊断气味剂的反应。因此能够正确识别神经元，然后我们筛选了38种不同类型的神经元对35种药物的反应。我们确定了13种神经元类型，对13种药物有反应。由于果蝇的受体基因已经被映射到神经元类型，我们可以推断哪些基因赋予神经元反应性。通过在无反应神经元中表达一种受体来证实其反应。果蝇嗅觉系统主要适用于检测发酵水果中的挥发性物质。然而，我们的研究结果表明，与非法物质有关的挥发物，其中许多是非天然来源的，也被果蝇受体检测到。
Insects can detect a large range of odors with a numerically simple olfactory system that delivers high sensitivity and accurate discrimination. Therefore, insect olfactory receptors hold great promise as biosensors for detection of volatile organic chemicals in a range of applications. The array of olfactory receptor neurons of Drosophila melanogaster is rapidly becoming the best-characterized natural nose. We have investigated the suitability of Drosophila receptors as detectors for volatiles with applications in law enforcement, emergency response, and security. We first characterized responses of the majority of olfactory neuron types to a set of diagnostic odorants. Being thus able to correctly identify neurons, we then screened for responses from 38 different types of neurons to 35 agents. We identified 13 neuron types with responses to 13 agents. As individual Drosophila receptor genes have been mapped to neuron types, we can infer which genes confer responsiveness to the neurons. The responses were confirmed for one receptor by expressing it in a nonresponsive neuron. The fly olfactory system is mainly adapted to detect volatiles from fermenting fruits. However, our findings establish that volatiles associated with illicit substances, many of which are of nonnatural origin, are also detected by Drosophila receptors.
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