Neuroinflammation and the plasticity-related immediate-early gene Arc.
Neuroinflammation and the plasticity-related immediate-early gene Arc.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.003
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Rosi, Susanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosi, Susanna
关键词：
神经元存在于一个对其功能和生存有重大影响的微环境中。虽然有许多环境因素可以潜在地影响神经功能，但天然免疫系统(小胶质细胞)的激活是许多与记忆丧失相关的神经和病理疾病共同的重要因素。学习和记忆过程依赖于神经元改变其转录程序以响应突触输入的能力。基于细胞的可塑性相关即刻早期基因(IEG)表达成像的最新进展为研究大脑多个区域的可塑性相关变化提供了工具。活动调节、细胞骨架相关的IEG Arc是蛋白质合成依赖的突触可塑性的调节器，突触可塑性是记忆形成所必需的。Arc的可视化为神经元网络的映射提供了细胞级别的分辨率。先天性免疫系统的慢性激活改变了Arc的活动模式，这可能是它导致认知功能障碍的一个机制，这些认知功能障碍往往与神经炎症性疾病有关。这篇综述讨论了Arc在天然免疫系统激活过程中作为可塑性改变的有效标志物和认知功能障碍的预测指标的用途。
Neurons exist within a microenvironment that significantly influences their function and survival. While there are many environmental factors that can potentially impact neuronal function, activation of the innate immune system (microglia) is an important element common to many neurological and pathological conditions associated with memory loss. Learning and memory processes rely on the ability of neurons to alter their transcriptional programs in response to synaptic input. Recent advances in cell-based imaging of plasticity-related immediate-early gene (IEG) expression have provided a tool to investigate plasticity-related changes across multiple brain regions. The activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated IEG Arc is a regulator of protein synthesis–dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, which are essential for memory formation. Visualisation of Arc provides cellular level resolution for the mapping of neuronal networks. Chronic activation of the innate immune system alters Arc activity patterns, and this may be a mechanism by which it induces the cognitive dysfunction frequently associated with neuroinflammatory conditions. This review discusses the use of Arc expression during activation of the innate immune system as a valid marker of altered plasticity and a predictor of cognitive dysfunction.
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