SREBP-1 upregulates lipophagy to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in brain tumor cells.

SREBP-1 upregulates lipophagy to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in brain tumor cells.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112790
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发表时间:
2023-07-25
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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胆固醇是细胞膜的结构成分。快速生长的肿瘤细胞如何维持细胞膜胆固醇的稳态尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现,胶质母细胞瘤(GBM),最致命的脑肿瘤,保持正常水平的膜胆固醇,但与胆固醇酯(CE)在其脂滴(LD)丰富的存在。从机制上讲,SREBP-1(固醇调节元件结合蛋白1),一种在胆固醇耗尽时被激活的主转录因子,上调关键的自噬基因,包括ATG 9 B,ATG 4A和LC 3B,以及溶酶体胆固醇转运蛋白NPC 2。这种上调促进LD脂肪吞噬,导致CE水解和胆固醇从溶酶体中释放,从而维持质膜胆固醇稳态。当该途径被阻断时,GBM细胞变得对胆固醇缺乏非常敏感,在体外生长不良。我们的研究揭示了SREBP-1-自噬-LD-CE水解途径,该途径在维持膜胆固醇稳态方面起重要作用,同时为GBM提供了潜在的治疗途径。Geng等人发现,脑肿瘤中胆固醇缺乏会激活SREBP-1,SREBP-1会转录上调关键的自噬和溶酶体相关基因的表达。自噬的上调将胆固醇从胆固醇酯负载的脂滴动员到质膜以维持胆固醇稳态并促进肿瘤生长和存活。
Cholesterol is a structural component of cell membranes. How rapidly growing tumor cells maintain membrane cholesterol homeostasis is poorly understood. Here, we found that glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal brain tumor, maintains normal levels of membrane cholesterol but with an abundant presence of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in its lipid droplets (LDs). Mechanistically, SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1), a master transcription factor that is activated upon cholesterol depletion, upregulates critical autophagic genes, including ATG9B, ATG4A, and LC3B, as well as lysosome cholesterol transporter NPC2. This upregulation promotes LD lipophagy, resulting in the hydrolysis of CEs and the liberation of cholesterol from the lysosomes, thus maintaining plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. When this pathway is blocked, GBM cells become quite sensitive to cholesterol deficiency with poor growth in vitro. Our study unravels an SREBP-1-autophagy-LD-CE hydrolysis pathway that plays an important role in maintaining membrane cholesterol homeostasis while providing a potential therapeutic avenue for GBM. Geng et al. found that cholesterol deficiency in brain tumor activates SREBP-1, which transcriptionally upregulates the expression of critical autophagy- and lysosome-related genes. The upregulation of autophagy mobilizes cholesterol from cholesterol ester-laden lipid droplets to the plasma membrane to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and to promote tumor growth and survival.
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