Identification of intratissue sites for xenobiotic activation and detoxication.

Identification of intratissue sites for xenobiotic activation and detoxication.
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鉴定异生素激活和解毒的组织内位点。

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4684-5134-4_10
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发表时间:
1986
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jakoby,WB
Jakoby,WB
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baron,J;Voigt,JM;Whitter,TB;Kawabata,TT;Knapp,SA;Guengerich,FP;Jakoby,WB

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现在很明显,从多种外源物质产生的反应性代谢物经常先于坏死、突变、致癌和其他细胞毒性的出现(Mitchell等人,1976;Boyd,1980;Wright,1980;Miller和Miller,1981,1982;Boyd和Statham,1983)。然而,同样明显的是,生物转化为反应性代谢物的外源物质通常在大多数哺乳动物组织中发挥相对选择性的毒性效应,即它们通常破坏特定形态的细胞类型或位于选定的组织区域内的形态相似的细胞组(Mitchell等人,1976;RapPaport,1979;Boyd,1980;Baron和Kawabata,1983;Minchin和Boyd,1983)。由于反应代谢产物的形成,细胞对毒性的不同敏感性无疑与细胞激活和解毒外源物质的能力的不同有关(Boyd,1980;Baron和Kawabata,1983;Minchin和Boyd,1983)。为此,近年来,细胞色素P-450同工酶、NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶、环氧化物水解酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶等参与外源生物激活和解毒的酶在体内的定位和分布受到了深入的研究。然而,由于大多数哺乳动物组织的异质性,以及形态相似的细胞,例如肝细胞,在其代谢外来物质的能力方面可能显示出显著的差异,这一事实大大阻碍了这一研究(Wtenberg和Leong,1962;Gangolli和Wright,1971;纪万昌等人,1981;Conway等人,1982;Baron和Kawabata,1983)。
It is now apparent that the generation of reactive metabolites from a multitude of xenobiotics frequently preceeds the appearance of necrosis, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and other cytotoxicities (Mitchell et al., 1976; Boyd, 1980; Wright, 1980; Miller and Miller, 1981, 1982; Boyd and Statham, 1983). It is also evident, however, that xenobiotics that are biotransformed into reactive metabolites usually exert relatively selective toxic effects within most mammalian tissues, i.e., they often damage either a specific morphological cell type or groups of morphologically similar cells located within selected areas or regions of tissues (Mitchell et al., 1976; Rappaport, 1979; Boyd, 1980; Baron and Kawabata, 1983; Minchin and Boyd, 1983). Differential susceptibility of cells to toxicity that results as a consequence of the formation of reactive metabolites undoubtedly is related to differences in the ability of cells to both activate and detoxicate xenobiotics (Boyd, 1980; Baron and Kawabata, 1983; Minchin and Boyd, 1983). Primarily for this reason, the intratissue localizations and distributions of cytochrome P-450 isozymes, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferases, and other enzymes that participiate in the activation and detoxication of xenobiotics recently have come under intensive investigation. Such investigation however, has been hindered greatly by the heterogeneous nature of most mammalian tissues, as well as by the fact that morphologically similar cells, hepatocytes for example, can exhibit significant differences in their ability to metabolize xenobiotics (Wattenberg and Leong, 1962; Gangolli and Wright, 1971; Ji et al., 1981; Conway et al., 1982; Baron and Kawabata, 1983).
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