Birds from the water: Reconstructing avian resource use and contribution to diet in prehistoric Scottish Island environments
Birds from the water: Reconstructing avian resource use and contribution to diet in prehistoric Scottish Island environments
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水中鸟类：重建史前苏格兰岛屿环境中鸟类资源利用和对饮食的贡献
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.024
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Best J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Best J
本文介绍了对苏格兰群岛鸟类使用情况的大规模调查结果。尽管鸟类考古有时会被忽视，但越来越明显的是，鸟类在过去的饮食中是一个很小但往往很重要的组成部分。当人们认为各种鸟类，特别是水生鸟类在沿海和岛屿地区繁衍生息时，这一点尤其重要。大量群居繁殖的海鸟提供了一个集中的资源，可以强烈地作为肉和蛋的目标。因此，在苏格兰群岛使用水鸟对于全面了解这些环境中的饮食和资源利用是不可或缺的。水生鸟类将为史前种群提供各种各样的饮食资源，包括肉和蛋，但也包括油和脂肪。从中石器时代到铁器时代晚期(以及更远的以后)，对海鸟的开发在整个苏格兰岛屿经历了史前生活，在资源利用的图景中显示了对水鸟开发的连续性和灵活性。要获得这些资源，需要开发几种特定于栖息地的鸟类饲养技术，以证明对正在开发的鸟类资源有深入的了解。动物考古数据表明，当地狩猎和有针对性的鸟类旅行到风景和海景中更远的地方。对水生鸟类的开发显示出夏季的重点，但作为全年鸟类日历的一部分，保存以供以后食用可能提供关于饮食图景的另一个元素的信息。
This article presents results from a large-scale investigation of bird use in the Scottish Islands. Although avian archaeology has sometimes been overlooked, it has become increasingly clear that birds were a small but often important component of past diets. This is particularly relevant when it is considered that a diverse range of birds, and particularly aquatic birds, thrive in coastal and island locations. Large colonies of gregariously breeding seabirds provided a concentrated resource which could be targeted intensely for both meat and eggs. The use of aquatic birds in the Scottish Islands is therefore integral to holistically understanding diet and resource use in these settings. Aquatic birds would have offered a wide variety of dietary resources to prehistoric populations including meat and eggs, but also oil and fat. The exploitation of seabirds endured throughout Scottish Island prehistoric living from the Mesolithic to the Late Iron Age (and much further beyond), within a picture of resource use that shows both continuity and flexibility in the exploitation of aquatic birds. The acquisition of these resources required the development of several species and habitat-specific fowling techniques that demonstrate in-depth understanding of the avian resources being exploited. Local hunting and targeted fowling trips to more distant locations in the landscape and seascape are indicated by the zooarchaeological data. Exploitation of aquatic birds displays a summer focus but as part of a year-round fowling calendar, whilst preservation for later consumption may provide information on another element of the dietary picture.
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