Disentangling contact and ensemble epistasis in a riboswitch

Disentangling contact and ensemble epistasis in a riboswitch
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解开核糖开关中的接触和整体上位性

DOI:
10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.033
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Harms, Michael J.
Harms, Michael J.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wonderlick, Daria R.;Widom, Julia R.;Harms, Michael J.

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引入大分子的突变通常表现出上位性,其中一个突变的效果会改变另一个突变的效果。了解导致上位性的机制对于理解大分子如何工作和进化以及有效的大分子工程是很重要的。在这里,我们研究了“接触上位性”(由突变残基之间的物理相互作用引起的上位性)和“整体上位性”(当一个突变重新分配大分子的构象集合,从而改变第二个突变的效果时发生的上位性)之间的相互作用。我们认为,通过测量不同变构效应浓度下的上位性,可以在变构大分子中区分这两种机制。在描述构象系综的微观平衡常数中,接触上位性表现为非加性。这种上位性效应与变构效应剂的浓度无关。系综上位性在热力学观测中表现为非加性,例如配体结合,这是由系综构象的分布决定的。这种上位性效应强烈依赖于变构效应剂的浓度。利用这个框架,我们通过测量配基结合作为变构效应器浓度的函数,实验研究腺嘌呤核糖开关适配子结构域中引入的三个成对突变循环中上位性的起源。我们在所有周期中都发现了接触和整体上位的证据。此外,我们还发现上位性的两种机制可以相互作用。例如,在一个突变周期中,我们观察到一个微观平衡常数中的接触上位性为6千卡/摩尔。在同一周期中,配体结合的最大上位性只有1.5千卡/摩尔:系综的变化掩盖了接触上位性的贡献。最后,我们的工作产生了简单的启发式方法,用于识别接触和整体上位性,基于对作为变构效应器浓度函数的生化观察的测量。
Mutations introduced into macromolecules often exhibit epistasis, where the effect of one mutation alters the effect of another. Knowing the mechanisms that lead to epistasis is important for understanding how macromolecules work and evolve, as well as for effective macromolecular engineering. Here, we investigate the interplay between "contact epistasis" (epistasis arising from physical interactions between mutated residues) and "ensemble epistasis" (epistasis that occurs when a mutation redistributes the conformational ensemble of a macromolecule, thus changing the effect of the second mutation). We argue that the two mechanisms can be distinguished in allosteric macromolecules by measuring epistasis at differing allosteric effector concentrations. Contact epistasis manifests as nonadditivity in the microscopic equilibrium constants describing the conformational ensemble. This epistatic effect is independent of allosteric effector concentration. Ensemble epistasis manifests as nonadditivity in thermodynamic observables—such as ligand binding—that are determined by the distribution of ensemble conformations. This epistatic effect strongly depends on allosteric effector concentration. Using this framework, we experimentally investigated the origins of epistasis in three pairwise mutant cycles introduced into the adenine riboswitch aptamer domain by measuring ligand binding as a function of allosteric effector concentration. We found evidence for both contact and ensemble epistasis in all cycles. Furthermore, we found that the two mechanisms of epistasis could interact with each other. For example, in one mutant cycle we observed 6 kcal/mol of contact epistasis in a microscopic equilibrium constant. In that same cycle, the maximum epistasis in ligand binding was only 1.5 kcal/mol: shifts in the ensemble masked the contribution of contact epistasis. Finally, our work yields simple heuristics for identifying contact and ensemble epistasis based on measurements of a biochemical observable as a function of allosteric effector concentration.
DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab105
发表时间: 2021-08-26
期刊: Genetics
影响因子: 3.3
作者:
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发表时间: 1974-01-01
影响因子: 6.8
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上位性的生物物理推断以及突变对蛋白质稳定性和功能的影响
DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
影响因子: 10.7
作者:
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通讯作者: Jakub Otwinowski