Semaphorin function in neural plasticity and disease.

Semaphorin function in neural plasticity and disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.001
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发表时间:
2009-06
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Giger, Roman J.
Giger, Roman J.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pasterkamp, R. Jeroen;Giger, Roman J.

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semaphorins,最初被发现作为进化上保守的开发轴突的转向分子,也影响神经元的结构和功能,在出生后早期和青少年神经系统通过几个细化过程。脑信号蛋白控制突触发生、轴突修剪以及树突棘的密度和成熟。此外,脑信号蛋白及其下游信号组分调节成熟海马中的突触生理学和神经元兴奋性,并且这些蛋白质还涉及许多发育、精神和神经退行性疾病。在胚胎神经系统发育过程中,semaphorins在分子和细胞水平上调节神经细胞骨架动态变化的机制已取得重大进展。然而,相对知之甚少的semaphorins如何影响神经元的结构和突触可塑性在成人神经系统稳态或以下的损伤和疾病。详细了解semaphorins如何在神经网络组装的初始阶段之外发挥作用,揭示了神经系统生理学和病理学关键方面的新见解。
The semaphorins, originally discovered as evolutionarily conserved steering molecules for developing axons, also influence neuronal structure and function in the early postnatal and juvenile nervous systems through several refinement processes. Semaphorins control synaptogenesis, axon pruning, and the density and maturation of dendritic spines. In addition, semaphorins and their downstream signaling components regulate synaptic physiology and neuronal excitability in the mature hippocampus, and these proteins are also implicated in a number of developmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Significant inroads have been made in defining the mechanisms by which semaphorins regulate dynamic changes in the neuronal cytoskeleton at the molecular and cellular levels during embryonic nervous system development. However, comparatively little is known about how semaphorins influence neuronal structure and synaptic plasticity during adult nervous system homeostasis or following injury and disease. A detailed understanding of how semaphorins function beyond initial phases of neural network assembly is revealing novel insights into key aspects of nervous system physiology and pathology.
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