Novel flight style and light wings boost flight performance of tiny beetles.
Novel flight style and light wings boost flight performance of tiny beetles.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-04303-7
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Polilov AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farisenkov SE;Kolomenskiy D;Petrov PN;Engels T;Lapina NA;Lehmann FO;Onishi R;Liu H;Polilov AA
动物的飞行速度与体型大小呈正相关。然而，微型的羽翅甲虫可以以三倍于它们大小的昆虫的速度和加速度飞行。在这里，我们表明，这种性能的结果，从减少机翼质量和以前未知类型的机翼运动周期。我们的实验结合了最小昆虫之一Paratuposa placentis（体长395 μm）的形态学和运动学的三维重建。拍动的刚毛翅膀遵循一个明显的8字形循环，由上下接近垂直的划动组成，然后在身体上方和下方的划动反转时拍动。鞘翅起到惯性制动器的作用，防止身体过度摆动。计算分析表明，翼拍周期的功能分解成两个电源半中风，产生一个大的向上的力量，和两个向下拖动恢复半中风。与较重的膜质翅膀相比，同样大小的刚毛翅膀的运动几乎不需要惯性动力。因此，在整个翼拍周期中，肌肉的机械功率需求保持为正，使得弹性能量储存过时。这些适应性有助于解释极小的昆虫如何在小型化过程中保持良好的飞行性能，这是它们进化成功的因素之一。甲虫Paratuposa placentis的形态和飞行力学的三维重建揭示了使极小昆虫能够以与大得多的昆虫相似的速度飞行的适应性。
Flight speed is positively correlated with body size in animals. However, miniature featherwing beetles can fly at speeds and accelerations of insects three times their size. Here we show that this performance results from a reduced wing mass and a previously unknown type of wing-motion cycle. Our experiment combines three-dimensional reconstructions of morphology and kinematics in one of the smallest insects, the beetle Paratuposa placentis (body length 395 μm). The flapping bristled wings follow a pronounced figure-of-eight loop that consists of subperpendicular up and down strokes followed by claps at stroke reversals above and below the body. The elytra act as inertial brakes that prevent excessive body oscillation. Computational analyses suggest functional decomposition of the wingbeat cycle into two power half strokes, which produce a large upward force, and two down-dragging recovery half strokes. In contrast to heavier membranous wings, the motion of bristled wings of the same size requires little inertial power. Muscle mechanical power requirements thus remain positive throughout the wingbeat cycle, making elastic energy storage obsolete. These adaptations help to explain how extremely small insects have preserved good aerial performance during miniaturization, one of the factors of their evolutionary success. Three-dimensional reconstructions of morphology and flight mechanics of the beetle Paratuposa placentis reveal adaptations that enable extremely small insects to fly at speeds similar to those of much larger insects.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
HORRIDGE, GA
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影响因子：
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