Review of 5-FU resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer: clinical significance of attenuated on-target effects.

Review of 5-FU resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer: clinical significance of attenuated on-target effects.
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DOI:
10.20517/cdr.2022.136
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)
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其他
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在以5-氟尿嘧啶为基础的化疗方案中出现耐药疾病是转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)死亡率的重要因素。5-FU耐药的原因是多因素的,除了DNA错配修复缺陷(MMR-D),没有广泛接受的标准来确定哪些CRC患者不太可能对基于5-FU的治疗有反应。因此,有必要系统地了解5-FU治疗失败的机制基础,并迫切需要开发新的方法来规避5-FU耐药的主要原因。本文就5-FU耐药的机制作一综述,重点是:(1)合成代谢的改变限制了主要活性代谢物氟脱氧尿苷酸的形成(5-氟-2 ′-脱氧尿苷-5 ′-O-单磷酸; FdUMP);(2)主要酶靶胸苷酸合酶(TS)的表达或活性升高;(3)程序性细胞死亡失调是5-FU耐药的重要原因。重要的是,5-FU耐药性的这些原因可以通过使用下一代氟嘧啶(FP)聚合物(例如,CF 10),其显示对合成代谢的依赖性降低和更有效的TS抑制活性。
The emergence of chemoresistant disease during chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil-based (5-FU-based) regimens is an important factor in the mortality of metastatic CRC (mCRC). The causes of 5-FU resistance are multi-factorial, and besides DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D), there are no widely accepted criteria for determining which CRC patients are not likely to be responsive to 5-FU-based therapy. Thus, there is a need to systematically understand the mechanistic basis for 5-FU treatment failure and an urgent need to develop new approaches for circumventing the major causes of 5-FU resistance. In this manuscript, we review mechanisms of 5-FU resistance with an emphasis on: (1) altered anabolic metabolism limiting the formation of the primary active metabolite Fluorodeoxyuridylate (5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate; FdUMP); (2) elevated expression or activity of the primary enzymatic target thymidylate synthase (TS); and (3) dysregulated programmed cell death as important causes of 5-FU resistance. Importantly, these causes of 5-FU resistance can potentially be overcome through the use of next-generation fluoropyrimidine (FP) polymers (e.g., CF10) that display reduced dependence on anabolic metabolism and more potent TS inhibitory activity.
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