Effects of the distribution of female primates on the number of males.
Effects of the distribution of female primates on the number of males.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0019853
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lewis RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carnes LM;Nunn CL;Lewis RJ
雌性的时空分布被认为驱动了交配系统的变化，因此在理解动物行为、生态和进化方面发挥着核心作用。先前的研究重点是调查汉普洛灵长类动物中雌性时空分布与雄性数量之间的联系。然而，关于空间凝聚力的重要性、单麻碱和链霉菌灵长类动物模式的普遍性，以及考虑到系统发育不确定性的先前研究结果的一致性，仍然存在一些重要问题。为了解决这些问题，我们使用扩展的比较数据集以及贝叶斯系统发育和统计方法的最新进展，研究了灵长类动物群体中雌性的时空分布如何影响雄性的数量。具体来说，我们研究了灵长类动物群体中雌性分布因素（雌性数量、空间凝聚力、发情同步性、繁殖季节持续时间和繁殖季节性）对雄性数量的影响。使用贝叶斯方法来控制系统发育和性状进化模型的不确定性，我们发现灵长类动物群体中雌性的数量对雄性的数量产生了很大的影响。在控制女性数量的多元回归模型中，我们发现了对时间效应的支持，特别是涉及女性发情同步性：当女性更同步地接受时，男性数量会增加。同样，出生季节较短的物种中雄性数量会增加，这表明繁殖季节性的增加使得雄性灵长类动物更难以防御雌性。在比较灵长类亚目时，我们只发现了薄弱的证据表明单鼻亚目和链球菌之间的性状差异，并且将亚目纳入统计模型并没有影响我们的结论，也没有为单鼻亚目和链球菌的不同作用提供令人信服的证据。总的来说，这些结果表明，男性垄断主要是由群体中女性的数量驱动的，其次是群体内女性繁殖的同步性。
The spatiotemporal distribution of females is thought to drive variation in mating systems, and hence plays a central role in understanding animal behavior, ecology and evolution. Previous research has focused on investigating the links between female spatiotemporal distribution and the number of males in haplorhine primates. However, important questions remain concerning the importance of spatial cohesion, the generality of the pattern across haplorhine and strepsirrhine primates, and the consistency of previous findings given phylogenetic uncertainty. To address these issues, we examined how the spatiotemporal distribution of females influences the number of males in primate groups using an expanded comparative dataset and recent advances in Bayesian phylogenetic and statistical methods. Specifically, we investigated the effect of female distributional factors (female number, spatial cohesion, estrous synchrony, breeding season duration and breeding seasonality) on the number of males in primate groups. Using Bayesian approaches to control for uncertainty in phylogeny and the model of trait evolution, we found that the number of females exerted a strong influence on the number of males in primate groups. In a multiple regression model that controlled for female number, we found support for temporal effects, particularly involving female estrous synchrony: the number of males increases when females are more synchronously receptive. Similarly, the number of males increases in species with shorter birth seasons, suggesting that greater breeding seasonality makes defense of females more difficult for male primates. When comparing primate suborders, we found only weak evidence for differences in traits between haplorhines and strepsirrhines, and including suborder in the statistical models did not affect our conclusions or give compelling evidence for different effects in haplorhines and strepsirrhines. Collectively, these results demonstrate that male monopolization is driven primarily by the number of females in groups, and secondarily by synchrony of female reproduction within groups.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
ARNOLD, SJ;DUVALL, D
通讯作者：
DUVALL, D
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Charpentier, M;Peignot, P;Wickings, EJ
通讯作者：
Wickings, EJ
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Clutton-Brock, TH
通讯作者：
Clutton-Brock, TH
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
BATEMAN, AJ
通讯作者：
BATEMAN, AJ
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Alberts, Susan C.;Buchan, Jason C.;Altmann, Jeanne
通讯作者：
Altmann, Jeanne