Molecular mechanism of a parasite kinesin motor and implications for its inhibition

Molecular mechanism of a parasite kinesin motor and implications for its inhibition
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寄生虫驱动蛋白运动的分子机制及其抑制的意义

DOI:
10.1101/2021.01.26.428220
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cook A
Cook A
中科院分区:
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作者:
Cook A

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疟原虫引起疟疾,每年造成数十万人死亡。它们有一个复杂的生命周期,其中不同的阶段在人类和蚊子宿主之间传播和繁殖。鉴于对当前疗法的新兴抗性,寄生虫复制机制的组分是抗寄生虫药物的潜在重要靶点。驱动蛋白马达超家族的成员在基于微管的复制纺锤体机制中起重要作用,并且驱动蛋白-5马达在其他疾病背景下被确立为抗有丝分裂靶点。因此,我们研究了驱动蛋白-5从恶性疟原虫(PfK 5)和特点的生化特性和结构的thePfK 5马达域。我们发现PfK 5的运动域是一个具有微管加末端定向运动的ATP酶。我们使用冷冻EM来确定电机的微管结合结构在没有核苷酸和AMPPNP结合状态。尽管在这个电机显着的序列分歧,这些结构表明,这种寄生虫电机表现出经典的驱动蛋白机械化学。这包括ATP诱导的颈连接器对接到马达结构域,这与马达的正末端定向运动性一致。至关重要的是,我们还观察到,一个大的插入在loop 5的thePfK 5马达结构域创建一个显着不同的化学环境中,以及表征人类驱动蛋白-5药物结合位点。因此,我们的数据揭示了选择性抑制ofPfK 5的可能性,并可用于告知未来的探索ofPlasmodiumkinesins作为抗寄生虫的目标。
Plasmodiumparasites cause malaria and are responsible annually for hundreds of thousands of deaths. They have a complex life cycle in which distinct stages are transmitted between, and reproduce in, human and mosquito hosts. In the light of emerging resistance to current therapies, components of the parasite replicative machinery are potentially important targets for anti-parasite drugs. Members of the superfamily of kinesin motors play important roles in the microtubule-based replicative spindle machinery, and kinesin-5 motors are established anti-mitotic targets in other disease contexts. We therefore studied kinesin-5 fromPlasmodium falciparum(PfK5) and characterised the biochemical properties and structure of thePfK5 motor domain. We found that thePfK5 motor domain is an ATPase with microtubule plus-end directed motility. We used cryo-EM to determine the motor’s microtubule-bound structure in no nucleotide and AMPPNP-bound states. Despite significant sequence divergence in this motor, these structures reveal that this parasite motor exhibits classical kinesin mechanochemistry. This includes ATP-induced neck-linker docking to the motor domain, which is consistent with the motor’s plus-ended directed motility. Crucially, we also observed that a large insertion in loop5 of thePfK5 motor domain creates a dramatically different chemical environment in the well characterised human kinesin-5 drug-binding site. Our data thereby reveal the possibility for selective inhibition ofPfK5 and can be used to inform future exploration ofPlasmodiumkinesins as anti-parasite targets.
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