Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.
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中性粒细胞弹性酶和髓过氧化物酶调节中性粒细胞外陷阱的形成。

DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201006052
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发表时间:
2010-11-01
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zychlinsky A
Zychlinsky A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Papayannopoulos V;Metzler KD;Hakkim A;Zychlinsky A

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中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶逃逸出亲天青颗粒,移位到细胞核,并降解组蛋白,以促进网络形成所需的染色质解缩。中性粒细胞释放去凝集的染色质,称为中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(NETs),在细胞外捕获和杀灭病原体。活性氧物种需要启动净形成,但下游的分子机制尚不清楚。我们发现,一旦被激活,中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)就会从嗜天青颗粒中逃逸出来,移位到细胞核中,在那里它会部分降解特定的组蛋白,从而促进染色质的解凝。随后,髓过氧化物酶与去甲肾上腺素协同驱动染色质解缩,而不依赖于它的酶活性。因此,在肺炎克雷伯菌感染的肺部模型中,NE基因敲除的小鼠没有形成Net,这表明这种缺陷可能导致了这些小鼠的免疫缺陷。这一机制为丝氨酸蛋白酶和高电荷颗粒蛋白在染色质密度调节中提供了一种新的功能,并揭示了氧化爆发通过一种未知的机制诱导颗粒蛋白选择性释放到细胞质中。
Neutrophil elastase escapes azurophilic granules, translocates to the nucleus, and degrades histones to promote chromatin decondensation necessary for NET formation. Neutrophils release decondensed chromatin termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap and kill pathogens extracellularly. Reactive oxygen species are required to initiate NET formation but the downstream molecular mechanism is unknown. We show that upon activation, neutrophil elastase (NE) escapes from azurophilic granules and translocates to the nucleus, where it partially degrades specific histones, promoting chromatin decondensation. Subsequently, myeloperoxidase synergizes with NE in driving chromatin decondensation independent of its enzymatic activity. Accordingly, NE knockout mice do not form NETs in a pulmonary model of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, which suggests that this defect may contribute to the immune deficiency of these mice. This mechanism provides for a novel function for serine proteases and highly charged granular proteins in the regulation of chromatin density, and reveals that the oxidative burst induces a selective release of granular proteins into the cytoplasm through an unknown mechanism.
组蛋白的杀菌作用。
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