Levels of representation in the interpretation of anaphoric reference and instrument inference
Levels of representation in the interpretation of anaphoric reference and instrument inference
复制标题
照应指称和工具推理解释中的表征水平
作者：
Margery M. Lucas;M. Tanenhaus;G. Carlson
在句子理解过程中进行推理时的表征水平进行了检查。调查的推理包括先行词的分配，既有明确的名词短语照应词和代词，也工具推理。在进行这些推断时，听者必须以语言形式表征或话语模式来接触被推断的成分，无论是先行词还是工具。参与这些推理的代表性水平是通过利用词汇决策和命名任务的差异来确定的，这些任务被认为表现出对代表性水平的不同敏感性。在三个实验中，比较了词汇判断任务中先行词和工具词的启动和命名任务中相同目标的启动。两项任务中激活模式的差异表明，所有三种类型的推理都需要话语模型中的访问元素。三个对照实验排除了简单的上下文或一致性检查作为我们的结果的解释。这些研究还支持了以下结论：（1）先行词的分配是在加工回指词之后立即发生的;（2）先行词的分配涉及对不适当先行词的抑制而不是对适当先行词的促进;（3）尽管受试者不会进行乐器推断--当他们听到包含强烈暗示某些乐器的动词的孤立句子时当句子前面有提到乐器的上下文时，就进行推理。
The level of representation accessed when inferences are made during sentence comprehension was examined. The inferences investigated included antecedent assignment for both definite noun phrase anaphors and pronouns and also instrument inferences. In making these inferences, a listener must access the inferred element, whether an antecedent or an instrument, in either a linguistic form representation or a discourse model. The level of representation involved in these inferences was determined by exploiting differences in the lexical-decision and naming tasks, which were argued to exhibit differential sensitivity to representational levels. In three experiments, the priming of antecedent and instrument targets in the lexical decision task was compared with priming of the same targets in the naming task. Differences in the patterns of activation across the two tasks indicated that all three types of inferences required-accessing-elements in a discourse model. Three control experiments ruled out simple context or congruity checking as an explanation for our results. The following conclusions were also supported by these studies: (1) Antecedent assignment occurs immediately after processing an anaphor; (2) antecedent assignment involves inhibition for the inappropriate antecedent rather than facilitation for the appropriate antecedent; (3) although subjects do not make instrument inferences-when they hear isolated sentences containing verbs that strongly imply certain instruments, the inferences are made when sentences are preceded by a context that mentions the instrument.
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.12.3.346
发表时间：
1986-07
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. J. O'Brien;S. Duffy;J. L. Myers
通讯作者：
E. J. O'Brien;S. Duffy;J. L. Myers