Calpain and PARP activation during photoreceptor cell death in P23H and S334ter rhodopsin mutant rats.

Calpain and PARP activation during photoreceptor cell death in P23H and S334ter rhodopsin mutant rats.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0022181
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Arango-Gonzalez B
Arango-Gonzalez B
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kaur J;Mencl S;Sahaboglu A;Farinelli P;van Veen T;Zrenner E;Ekström P;Paquet-Durand F;Arango-Gonzalez B

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视网膜色素变性(RP)是一组异质性遗传性神经退行性疾病,影响光感受器并导致失明。许多人类病例是由视紫红质基因突变引起的。关于RP病理学的一个重要问题是不同的遗传缺陷是否触发相同或不同的细胞死亡机制。为了回答这个问题,我们分析了P23 H和S334 ter转基因大鼠的光感受器变性,它们携带的视紫红质突变分别影响蛋白质的折叠和分选。我们发现在这两种突变体中钙蛋白酶和聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)的强烈激活,伴随着钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白下调,增加氧化DNA损伤和PAR聚合物的积累。这些参数与光感受器变性的时间进展严格相关,反映了磷酸二酯酶-6突变型rd 1小鼠的早期发现,并表明非凋亡细胞死亡机制的执行。有趣的是,仅在S334 ter突变体中观察到半胱天冬酶-3和-9的激活以及细胞色素c泄漏-凋亡细胞死亡中的关键事件,该突变体也显示PARP-1的表达增加。在两个不同物种中由不同突变触发的相同代谢标志物的鉴定表明存在共同的细胞死亡机制,这是任何突变独立治疗的主要考虑因素。
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases affecting photoreceptors and causing blindness. Many human cases are caused by mutations in the rhodopsin gene. An important question regarding RP pathology is whether different genetic defects trigger the same or different cell death mechanisms. To answer this question, we analysed photoreceptor degeneration in P23H and S334ter transgenic rats carrying rhodopsin mutations that affect protein folding and sorting respectively. We found strong activation of calpain and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in both mutants, concomitant with calpastatin down-regulation, increased oxidative DNA damage and accumulation of PAR polymers. These parameters were strictly correlated with the temporal progression of photoreceptor degeneration, mirroring earlier findings in the phosphodiesterase-6 mutant rd1 mouse, and suggesting execution of non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms. Interestingly, activation of caspases-3 and -9 and cytochrome c leakage—key events in apoptotic cell death—were observed only in the S334ter mutant, which also showed increased expression of PARP-1. The identification of the same metabolic markers triggered by different mutations in two different species suggests the existence of common cell death mechanisms, which is a major consideration for any mutation independent treatment.
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