Post-extractive juridification: Undoing the legal foundations of mining in El Salvador

Post-extractive juridification: Undoing the legal foundations of mining in El Salvador
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采掘后司法化:瓦解萨尔瓦多采矿业的法律基础

DOI:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.103667
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Montoya A
Montoya A
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Montoya A

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2017年,萨尔瓦多通过了世界上第一个也是唯一一个全面禁止金属采矿的禁令。这篇文章探讨了自21世纪初以来拉丁美洲大部分地区所遵循的新采掘路径的独特例外-由公民主导的立法程序带来的例外。根据在萨尔瓦多的实地调查研究,我认为,这项禁令之所以能够实施,与其说是因为对开采主导的发展进行了负面评估,不如说是因为其他多种因素,包括短期选举权宜之计;反对采矿和左翼政府的基层有着共同的家谱和历史;天主教会支持的全国性反采矿运动正在趋同;以及当地精英在采矿业中缺乏既得利益。事实上,禁令实施几年后,历届政府都没有履行根除采矿的义务,许多活动人士担心最终会被废除。至关重要的是,公民主导的立法旨在消除法律的架构中的新自由主义精神,这种架构为拉丁美洲大部分地区的采矿提供了便利,但却未能解决这一架构的殖民遗留问题。总体而言,本文认为,无采矿的未来需要全面的立法努力,包括立法挑战新自由主义治国方略和全面改革和采矿的法律的基础的非殖民化。
In 2017 El Salvador passed the world’s first and only blanket ban on metal mining. This article explores this unique exception to the neoextractive path followed by much of Latin America since the early 2000s—an exception brought about by citizen-led lawmaking processes. Drawing from fieldwork research in El Salvador, I suggest that the ban was enabled not so much by a negative assessment of extraction-led development as by multiple other factors, including short-term electoral expediencies; the shared genealogy and history of grassroots opposed to mining and left-wing governments; the ongoing convergence of nationwide anti-mining movements supported by the Catholic Church; and a lack of vested interests in the mining industry on the part of local elites. Indeed, a few years on from the ban, successive governments have not fulfilled their obligation to eradicate mining, with many activists fearing an eventual repeal. Crucially, citizen-led lawmaking aimed at undoing the neoliberal ethos of the legal architecture that has facilitated mining throughout much of Latin America has failed to address the colonial legacies of this architecture. Overall, the article argues that mining-free futures require comprehensive lawmaking endeavours that include both legislative challenges to neoliberal statecraft and a comprehensive overhaul and decolonization of the legal foundations of mining.
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