Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Novel Therapeutic Strategies with Immunotherapy and Small Molecules.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Novel Therapeutic Strategies with Immunotherapy and Small Molecules.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms22020493
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发表时间：
2021-01-06
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Karamouzis MV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vallilas C;Sarantis P;Kyriazoglou A;Koustas E;Theocharis S;Papavassiliou AG;Karamouzis MV
胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是胃肠道中最常见的恶性间叶肿瘤，估计每年发病率为1.5/100.000，占胃肠道肿瘤的1-2%。约75-80%的患者在KIT基因的外显子9、11、13、14、17中具有突变，并且5-10%的患者在血小板衍生生长因子受体a（PDGFRA）基因的外显子12、14、18中具有突变。此外，10-15%的患者没有突变，被归类为野生型GIST。转移性或不可切除的GIST的治疗包括伊马替尼、舒尼替尼和瑞格非尼。到目前为止，GIST疗法已经引起了很大的期望，并为患者提供了更好的生活质量，但经常观察到对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的药物耐药性增加。新的治疗选择已经出现，Ripretinib，avapritinib和cabozantinib获得了这些肿瘤的批准。如今，免疫检查点抑制剂在癌症治疗中形成了一个新的景观，并且已经在各种肿瘤中显示出显着的反应。黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌和肾细胞癌的研究非常令人鼓舞，因为这些抑制剂提高了生存率。本综述的目的是介绍治疗GIST患者的替代方法，如免疫治疗和新型抑制剂与传统治疗（酪氨酸激酶抑制剂）的组合。
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common types of malignant mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, with an estimated incidence of 1.5/100.000 per year and 1–2% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. About 75–80% of patients have mutations in the KIT gene in exons 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 5–10% of patients have mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor a (PDGFRA) gene in exons 12, 14, 18. Moreover, 10–15% of patients have no mutations and are classified as wild type GIST. The treatment for metastatic or unresectable GISTs includes imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. So far, GIST therapies have raised great expectations and offered patients a better quality of life, but increased pharmacological resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is often observed. New treatment options have emerged, with ripretinib, avapritinib, and cabozantinib getting approvals for these tumors. Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitors form a new landscape in cancer therapeutics and have already shown remarkable responses in various tumors. Studies in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma are very encouraging as these inhibitors have increased survival rates. The purpose of this review is to present alternative approaches for the treatment of the GIST patients, such as combinations of immunotherapy and novel inhibitors with traditional therapies (tyrosine kinase inhibitors).
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DOI：
10.1007/s004280050407
发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
VIRCHOWS ARCHIV-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cai, YC;Jiang, Z;Banner, B
通讯作者：
Banner, B
影响因子：
50.5
作者：
Grover, P. K.;Cummins, A. G.;Hardingham, J. E.
通讯作者：
Hardingham, J. E.
影响因子：
45.3
作者：
Choi, Haesun;Charnsangavej, Chuslip;Benjamin, Robert S.
通讯作者：
Benjamin, Robert S.
影响因子：
11.5
作者：
Cassier, Philippe A.;Fumagalli, Elena;Hohenberger, Peter
通讯作者：
Hohenberger, Peter
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Indio, Valentina;Ravegnini, Gloria;Nannini, Margherita
通讯作者：
Nannini, Margherita