Symmetry is related to sexual dimorphism in faces: data across culture and species.
Symmetry is related to sexual dimorphism in faces: data across culture and species.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0002106
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发表时间：
2008-05-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Marlowe FW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Little AC;Jones BC;Waitt C;Tiddeman BP;Feinberg DR;Perrett DI;Apicella CL;Marlowe FW
许多动物都能显示和评估多种信号。研究的两个显著特征是对称和两性二态性，对许多动物来说，这被认为是遗传适应性优势的线索。这些特征与其他潜在的好处有关，比如生育能力。在人类中，脸部的吸引力已经得到了广泛的研究。脸有可能成为配偶质量的广告，对称性和两性二态性都与人类脸型的吸引力有关。在这里，我们展示了面部对称和性别二态性的测量与人类有关，无论是在欧洲和非洲的狩猎采集者中，还是在非人类灵长类动物中。通过人类的判断，对称测量也与感知到的两性二态性有关。在所有样本中，对称的男性面部比例更男性化，对称的女性面部比例更女性化。我们的研究结果支持了性别二态性和面部对称是质量信号的说法，提供了证据，证明在发育过程中这两种特征之间一定存在生物学机制的联系。这些数据还表明，面部的信号特性在人类群体中是普遍存在的，并且在灵长类动物中可能存在着古老的系统发育。
Many animals both display and assess multiple signals. Two prominently studied traits are symmetry and sexual dimorphism, which, for many animals, are proposed cues to heritable fitness benefits. These traits are associated with other potential benefits, such as fertility. In humans, the face has been extensively studied in terms of attractiveness. Faces have the potential to be advertisements of mate quality and both symmetry and sexual dimorphism have been linked to the attractiveness of human face shape. Here we show that measurements of symmetry and sexual dimorphism from faces are related in humans, both in Europeans and African hunter-gatherers, and in a non-human primate. Using human judges, symmetry measurements were also related to perceived sexual dimorphism. In all samples, symmetric males had more masculine facial proportions and symmetric females had more feminine facial proportions. Our findings support the claim that sexual dimorphism and symmetry in faces are signals advertising quality by providing evidence that there must be a biological mechanism linking the two traits during development. Such data also suggests that the signalling properties of faces are universal across human populations and are potentially phylogenetically old in primates.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2003.0146
发表时间：
2004-05-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Koehler, N;Simmons, LW;Peters, M
通讯作者：
Peters, M
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Feinberg, DR;Jones, BC;Perrett, DI
通讯作者：
Perrett, DI
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Kanda, N;Tsuchida, T;Tamaki, K
通讯作者：
Tamaki, K
DOI：
10.1016/0169-4758(88)90077-4
发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
PARASITOLOGY TODAY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ALEXANDER, J;STIMSON, WH
通讯作者：
STIMSON, WH
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
HAMILTON, WD;ZUK, M
通讯作者：
ZUK, M