Participatory mapping to address neighborhood level data deficiencies for food security assessment in Southeastern Virginia, USA.
Participatory mapping to address neighborhood level data deficiencies for food security assessment in Southeastern Virginia, USA.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12942-022-00314-3
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发表时间：
2022-11-07
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Romero, Cynthia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutton, Nicole S.;McLeod, George;Allen, Thomas R.;Davis, Christopher;Garnand, Alexandra;Richter, Heather;Chavan, Prachi P.;Hoglund, Leslie;Comess, Jill;Herman, Matthew;Martin, Brian;Romero, Cynthia
食物供应不公平。防御和概括限制了国家数据集、粮食安全评估和干预措施。需要进行更多的社区层面的研究，以开发一个可扩展和可转移的过程，以及时，粒度，细微差别的数据补充国家和国际比较数据集。测绘地理信息系统通过将当地知识数字化，为解决这些问题提供了一种手段。本研究的目标有两个方面：（一）确定粮食来源和风险数据集中缺失的颗粒位置;（二）研究粮食安全的空间、社会经济和机构贡献者之间的关系。来自弗吉尼亚州东南部三个城市的29名具有食品分配、营养管理、人类服务和相关研究背景的主题专家参与了参与性绘图过程。结果表明，公开的和其他国家的数据集不包括非传统的食物来源或更新足够频繁，以反映与关闭，扩张或新计划相关的变化。近6%的食物来源在公开和国家数据集中缺失。食品储藏室，社区花园和冰箱，农贸市场，儿童和成人护理计划，以及社区中心和无家可归者收容所提供的膳食没有得到很好的代表。超过24平方公里的与会者确定的需求是在美国农业部低收入，低准入地区以外。粮食安全的经济、物质和社会障碍与运输限制相互关联。这些建议回应了发展机构、国家和世界各地区对干预方法的国际呼吁，这些干预方法包括系统性和世代性的贫困问题，将非传统空间纳入食品分配系统，激励或规范商店中的健康食品选择，改善教育机会，增加数据共享。与会者认为，酌情利用城市和区域机构来利用协同增效活动对于实现这些目标至关重要，特别是对于建立非传统伙伴关系而言。为了解决弗吉尼亚州东南部社区规模的粮食安全需求，数据收集和评估应从消费者和生产者的角度解决环境和利用问题，包括可用性，接近性，可及性，意识，负担能力，烹饪能力和偏好。PGIS过程用于促进有关社区一级粮食不安全因素的信息共享，并通过与当地主题专家的讨论将这些因素转化为干预战略，并在更大规模的粮食系统动态中进行情境化。
Food is not equitably available. Deficiencies and generalizations limit national datasets, food security assessments, and interventions. Additional neighborhood level studies are needed to develop a scalable and transferable process to complement national and internationally comparative data sets with timely, granular, nuanced data. Participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) offer a means to address these issues by digitizing local knowledge. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (i) identify granular locations missing from food source and risk datasets and (ii) examine the relation between the spatial, socio-economic, and agency contributors to food security. Twenty-nine subject matter experts from three cities in Southeastern Virginia with backgrounds in food distribution, nutrition management, human services, and associated research engaged in a participatory mapping process. Results show that publicly available and other national datasets are not inclusive of non-traditional food sources or updated frequently enough to reflect changes associated with closures, expansion, or new programs. Almost 6 percent of food sources were missing from publicly available and national datasets. Food pantries, community gardens and fridges, farmers markets, child and adult care programs, and meals served in community centers and homeless shelters were not well represented. Over 24 km2 of participant identified need was outside United States Department of Agriculture low income, low access areas. Economic, physical, and social barriers to food security were interconnected with transportation limitations. Recommendations address an international call from development agencies, countries, and world regions for intervention methods that include systemic and generational issues with poverty, incorporate non-traditional spaces into food distribution systems, incentivize or regulate healthy food options in stores, improve educational opportunities, increase data sharing. Leveraging city and regional agency as appropriate to capitalize upon synergistic activities was seen as critical to achieve these goals, particularly for non-traditional partnership building. To address neighborhood scale food security needs in Southeastern Virginia, data collection and assessment should address both environment and utilization issues from consumer and producer perspectives including availability, proximity, accessibility, awareness, affordability, cooking capacity, and preference. The PGIS process utilized to facilitate information sharing about neighborhood level contributors to food insecurity and translate those contributors to intervention strategies through discussion with local subject matter experts and contextualization within larger scale food systems dynamics is transferable.
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