Bird wings act as a suspension system that rejects gusts.
Bird wings act as a suspension system that rejects gusts.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.1748
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发表时间：
2020-10-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Windsor SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheney JA;Stevenson JPJ;Durston NE;Song J;Usherwood JR;Bomphrey RJ;Windsor SP
肌肉骨骼系统在没有神经控制的情况下科普许多环境扰动。这些被动的前屈反应帮助动物在复杂的地形中快速移动。前屈是否在动物飞行中起重要作用还不确定。我们研究了鸟类如何科普阵风环境，发现它们的翅膀可以作为一个悬挂系统，通过快速提升肩膀来减少垂直阵风的影响。这种预弯曲机制通过惯性效应抑制了阵风脉冲，在空气动力学机制生效之前，在前80 ms内，使躯干和头部的预计脉冲减少了32%。对于每个机翼，气动载荷中心与冲击中心对齐，与增强被动惯性阵风抑制一致。在苛刻的条件下减少躯干的运动简化了关键任务，如着陆，猎物捕获和视觉跟踪。在未来的小型飞机上采用类似的预折机构将有助于减轻阵风和湍流的影响，而不会增加计算负担。
Musculoskeletal systems cope with many environmental perturbations without neurological control. These passive preflex responses aid animals to move swiftly through complex terrain. Whether preflexes play a substantial role in animal flight is uncertain. We investigated how birds cope with gusty environments and found that their wings can act as a suspension system, reducing the effects of vertical gusts by elevating rapidly about the shoulder. This preflex mechanism rejected the gust impulse through inertial effects, diminishing the predicted impulse to the torso and head by 32% over the first 80 ms, before aerodynamic mechanisms took effect. For each wing, the centre of aerodynamic loading aligns with the centre of percussion, consistent with enhancing passive inertial gust rejection. The reduced motion of the torso in demanding conditions simplifies crucial tasks, such as landing, prey capture and visual tracking. Implementing a similar preflex mechanism in future small-scale aircraft will help to mitigate the effects of gusts and turbulence without added computational burden.
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