The multifaceted functions of neutrophils.

The multifaceted functions of neutrophils.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-164023
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Annual review of pathology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lowell CA
Lowell CA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mayadas TN;Cullere X;Lowell CA

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中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞样细胞是从黏菌到哺乳动物的生物体中主要的对抗病原体的免疫细胞。它们的核心功能是被招募到感染部位,识别和吞噬微生物,然后通过一系列细胞毒性机制杀死病原体。这些包括产生活性氧物种,释放抗菌肽,以及最近发现的它们的核内容物被排出形成中性粒细胞胞外陷阱。在这里,我们通过提供中性粒细胞的细胞毒性功能和先天性中性粒细胞疾病的细节,来讨论这些原始的中性粒细胞功能,这些功能在组织损伤中也起着关键作用。此外,我们提出了更新的证据表明,中性粒细胞和适应性免疫细胞之间的相互作用建立了一种前馈机制,放大了病理性炎症。中性粒细胞的这些新的贡献在几种炎症性和自身免疫性疾病的背景下被描述。
Neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells are the major pathogen-fighting immune cells in organisms ranging from slime molds to mammals. Central to their function is their ability to be recruited to sites of infection, to recognize and phagocytose microbes, and then to kill pathogens through a combination of cytotoxic mechanisms. These include the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of antimicrobial peptides, and the recently discovered expulsion of their nuclear contents to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Here we discuss these primordial neutrophil functions, which also play key roles in tissue injury, by providing details of neutrophil cytotoxic functions and congenital disorders of neutrophils. In addition, we present more recent evidence that interactions between neutrophils and adaptive immune cells establish a feed-forward mechanism that amplifies pathologic inflammation. These newly appreciated contributions of neutrophils are described in the setting of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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