Direct force measurement and loading on developing tissues in intact avian embryos.

Direct force measurement and loading on developing tissues in intact avian embryos.
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DOI:
10.1242/dev.201054
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发表时间:
2023-05-01
期刊:
Development (Cambridge, England)
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发育形态发生是由组织应力作用于组织流变所驱动的。直接测量原位小组织(100 μ m-1 mm)中的力,如早期胚胎,需要高空间精度和最小的侵入性。在这里,我们介绍了一种基于控制的方法,组织力显微镜(TiFM),它将机械悬臂探针和实时成像与早期鸡胚胎机械负荷的闭环反馈控制相结合。通过测试先前定性表征的细长体轴上的力产生组织,我们表明TiFM定量捕获应力动态具有高灵敏度。TiFM还提供了一种方法,可以应用稳定的、微创的和生理相关的负载来驱动组织变形,并跟踪由此产生的与大规模细胞运动相关的形态发生过程。总之,TiFM使我们能够在小发育胚胎中控制组织力的测量和操作,并有望为发育过程中复杂的多组织力学的定量理解做出贡献。一种新的反馈控制精确技术测量和改变早期鸟类胚胎的组织力。
Developmental morphogenesis is driven by tissue stresses acting on tissue rheology. Direct measurements of forces in small tissues (100 µm-1 mm) in situ, such as in early embryos, require high spatial precision and minimal invasiveness. Here, we introduce a control-based approach, tissue force microscopy (TiFM), that integrates a mechanical cantilever probe and live imaging with closed-loop feedback control of mechanical loading in early chicken embryos. By testing previously qualitatively characterized force-producing tissues in the elongating body axis, we show that TiFM quantitatively captures stress dynamics with high sensitivity. TiFM also provides the means to apply stable, minimally invasive and physiologically relevant loads to drive tissue deformation and to follow the resulting morphogenetic progression associated with large-scale cell movements. Together, TiFM allows us to control tissue force measurement and manipulation in small developing embryos, and promises to contribute to the quantitative understanding of complex multi-tissue mechanics during development. A new feedback-controlled precision technique to measure and alter tissue forces in early avian embryos.
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