Immune cells in cardiac repair and regeneration.

Immune cells in cardiac repair and regeneration.
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DOI:
10.1242/dev.199906
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发表时间:
2022-04-15
期刊:
Development (Cambridge, England)
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免疫系统是组织稳态的基础,是感染、损伤或疾病后的第一道防线。在受损的心脏中,大量的免疫细胞被招募到损伤部位。这些细胞在疤痕形成的修复和组织再生的启动中起着不可或缺的作用。它们最初呈现炎症表型,释放促炎细胞因子,去除死亡和垂死的组织,然后进入修复阶段,用不可收缩的疤痕取代死亡的肌肉组织。在这篇综述中,我们介绍了先天性和适应性免疫反应对心脏损伤的概述。我们探讨了心脏损伤后免疫细胞动员的动力学,以及不同的先天和适应性免疫细胞如何相互作用并与受损组织相互作用。我们利用再生模型的关键发现,提供了如何支持心脏再生允许的强大免疫反应的见解。最后,我们考虑了最新的技术发展如何为对心脏病免疫反应的更深入和公正的功能理解提供机会,强调了这些知识作为促进人类心脏损伤后再生的基础的重要性。摘要:本综述介绍了再生和非再生生物体对心脏损伤的先天和适应性免疫反应,以揭示心脏再生允许的免疫反应。
The immune system is fundamental to tissue homeostasis and is the first line of defense following infection, injury or disease. In the damaged heart, large numbers of immune cells are recruited to the site of injury. These cells play an integral part in both repair by scar formation and the initiation of tissue regeneration. They initially assume inflammatory phenotypes, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and removing dead and dying tissue, before entering a reparative stage, replacing dead muscle tissue with a non-contractile scar. In this Review, we present an overview of the innate and adaptive immune response to heart injury. We explore the kinetics of immune cell mobilization following cardiac injury and how the different innate and adaptive immune cells interact with one another and with the damaged tissue. We draw on key findings from regenerative models, providing insight into how to support a robust immune response permissible for cardiac regeneration. Finally, we consider how the latest technological developments can offer opportunities for a deeper and unbiased functional understanding of the immune response to heart disease, highlighting the importance of such knowledge as the basis for promoting regeneration following cardiac injury in human patients. Summary: This Review presents the innate and adaptive immune responses to heart injury in regenerative and non-regenerative organisms to uncover an immune response permissible for cardiac regeneration.
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