DarT-mediated mtDNA damage induces dynamic reorganization and selective segregation of mitochondria.

DarT-mediated mtDNA damage induces dynamic reorganization and selective segregation of mitochondria.
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飞镖介导的mtDNA损伤诱导线粒体的动态重组和选择性分离。

DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202205104
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发表时间:
2022-10-03
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
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Dua等人开发了一种新的系统来诱导线粒体DNA (mtDNA)特异性损伤,避免对核基因组的多向性扰动。利用这个系统,他们的研究为线粒体dna损伤对线粒体动力学的影响以及参与调节线粒体动力学的途径提供了独特的见解。线粒体是一种动态细胞器,在细胞生长和存活中起着重要作用。裂变和融合过程对于线粒体及其基因组(mtDNA)的分布、分离和维持至关重要。虽然最近的工作已经揭示了线粒体组织对mtDNA维持的重要性,但mtDNA扰动对线粒体动力学的影响仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们开发了一种工具来诱导线粒体特异性DNA损伤,使用线粒体靶向碱基修饰细菌毒素,DarT。损伤后,我们观察到线粒体网络的动态重组,可能是由线粒体功能障碍驱动的。组织的变化与线粒体dna的丢失有关,与线粒体自噬无关。出乎意料的是,对mtDNA复制聚合酶Mip1的外切酶功能的扰动导致mtDNA的快速丢失。我们的数据表明,在损伤下,有缺陷的mtDNA和细胞器的分裂是分离的,重点是线粒体分离独立于其DNA。总之,我们的工作强调了基因组维护对线粒体功能的重要性,线粒体功能可以作为细胞器组织和分离的调节剂。
Dua et al. develop a novel system to induce mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-specific damage, avoiding pleiotropic perturbation to the nuclear genome. Using this system, their study provides unique insights into the consequences of mtDNA damage on mitochondrial dynamics and pathways involved in regulating the same. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in cell growth and survival. Processes of fission and fusion are critical for the distribution, segregation, and maintenance of mitochondria and their genomes (mtDNA). While recent work has revealed the significance of mitochondrial organization for mtDNA maintenance, the impact of mtDNA perturbations on mitochondrial dynamics remains less understood. Here, we develop a tool to induce mitochondria-specific DNA damage using a mitochondrial-targeted base modifying bacterial toxin, DarT. Following damage, we observe dynamic reorganization of mitochondrial networks, likely driven by mitochondrial dysfunction. Changes in the organization are associated with the loss of mtDNA, independent of mitophagy. Unexpectedly, perturbation to exonuclease function of mtDNA replicative polymerase, Mip1, results in rapid loss of mtDNA. Our data suggest that, under damage, partitioning of defective mtDNA and organelle are de-coupled, with emphasis on mitochondrial segregation independent of its DNA. Together, our work underscores the importance of genome maintenance on mitochondrial function, which can act as a modulator of organelle organization and segregation.
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