Learning phonemic vowel length from naturalistic recordings of Japanese infant-directed speech.
Learning phonemic vowel length from naturalistic recordings of Japanese infant-directed speech.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0051594
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mazuka R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bion RA;Miyazawa K;Kikuchi H;Mazuka R
在日语中，元音的持续时间可以区分单词的含义。为了让婴儿通过简单的分布分析来学习这种音位对比，短元音和长元音的持续时间应该存在可靠的差异，并且元音的频率分布必须使这些差异在输入中足够显着。在这项研究中，我们通过分析超过 11 个小时的日语婴儿定向语音中的元音持续时间来评估音素学习的这些要求。我们发现，对于五个口腔元音中的每一个，在针对婴儿的输入中，长元音都比短元音长得多。然而，我们还发现，对于简单的分布式学习器来说，从元音持续时间的整体分布中学习音素长度并不容易，因为基础率效应很大（即 94％ 的元音很短），并且影响元音持续时间的因素有很多（例如，语调短语边界、单词边界和元音高度）。因此，成功的学习者需要考虑其他因素，例如韵律和词汇线索，以便发现持续时间可以对比日语单词的含义。这些发现强调了在模拟早期音素学习时考虑词汇和声学线索的自然分布的重要性。
In Japanese, vowel duration can distinguish the meaning of words. In order for infants to learn this phonemic contrast using simple distributional analyses, there should be reliable differences in the duration of short and long vowels, and the frequency distribution of vowels must make these differences salient enough in the input. In this study, we evaluate these requirements of phonemic learning by analyzing the duration of vowels from over 11 hours of Japanese infant-directed speech. We found that long vowels are substantially longer than short vowels in the input directed to infants, for each of the five oral vowels. However, we also found that learning phonemic length from the overall distribution of vowel duration is not going to be easy for a simple distributional learner, because of the large base-rate effect (i.e., 94% of vowels are short), and because of the many factors that influence vowel duration (e.g., intonational phrase boundaries, word boundaries, and vowel height). Therefore, a successful learner would need to take into account additional factors such as prosodic and lexical cues in order to discover that duration can contrast the meaning of words in Japanese. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account the naturalistic distributions of lexicons and acoustic cues when modeling early phonemic learning.
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