Increasing the lifetime of products by nanomaterial inclusions—life cycle energy implications
Increasing the lifetime of products by nanomaterial inclusions—life cycle energy implications
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通过纳米材料夹杂物延长产品的使用寿命——生命周期能源影响
DOI：
10.1007/s11367-020-01794-w
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Overcash, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asmatulu, Eylem;Subeshan, Balakrishnan;Twomey, Janet;Overcash, Michael
通常，制造纳米材料所需的高能量与转移到产品的好处相权衡。准确确定含有纳米材料的产品的环境特性需要一套完整的方法。本研究的目的是提请注意生命周期的信息，并展示了使用纳米材料的产品，以延长产品寿命的环境效益的科学评估的方法，并提供了一个真实的例子计算的approach.MethodsAbout 1317纳米材料在市场上的产品进行了分析，以确定延长寿命的纳米材料添加的结果。对五个生命周期要素进行了量化，以确定由纳米材料组成的产品的摇篮到大门（CTG）生命周期足迹。这些建议如下：具有通常构造且不添加纳米材料的常规产品的生命周期，由每千克纳米材料的CTG制造的纳米材料的生命周期，并入到产品中的纳米材料的量，由于纳米材料的存在而导致的产品性能的定量改进（如寿命延长），增量能源和辅助材料（通常可以忽略不计）结果和讨论这里的主要挑战是将所有五个信息片段以确保使用纳米材料的环境足迹完整。通过纳米材料延长寿命的产品范围可以看到结果，范围从130%到3100%。在这些情况下，更高的能量来制造的纳米材料是超过抵消避免制造非纳米产品多次在寿命延长periods.ConclusionsIt被发现，在产品中的几个纳米夹杂物大大增加了许多性能的最终产品沿着的寿命。因此，通过添加纳米级内含物来延长产品的使用寿命，将减少环境和健康问题，以及使用原始材料、能源消耗、长期的垃圾填埋场分配和产品适销性。
PurposeTypically, the high energy required to manufacture nanomaterials is weighed against the benefits transferred to a product. Adequately establishing the environmental characteristics of a product that contains nanomaterials requires a complete methodology. The objectives of this study are to draw attentions on life cycle information and to demonstrate the methodology for the scientific assessment of the environmental benefits of using a nanomaterial in a product to extend the product life and to provide a real example for the calculations of the approach.MethodsAbout 1317 products with nanomaterials in the market were analyzed to identify the outcomes of lifetime extension by the nanomaterial additions. Five life cycle elements were quantified to establish the cradle-to-gate (CTG) life cycle footprint of a product comprised of a nanomaterial. These are the following: the life cycle of the conventional product with the usual construction and without added nanomaterial, the life cycle of the nanomaterial manufactured from CTG per kilogram of nanomaterial, the amount of nanomaterial incorporated into the product, the quantitative improvement in the product performance due to the presence of the nanomaterial (such as increased lifespan), and the incremental energy and auxiliary materials (often negligible) involved in the incorporation of the nanomaterial into the conventional productResults and discussionThe primary challenge here is to have all five of the informational pieces in order to ensure that the environmental footprint of using a nanomaterial is complete. The results can be seen for the range of products with life extension via nanomaterials, ranging from 130 to 3100%. In these cases, the higher energy to manufacture the nanomaterial is more than offset by the avoidance of manufacturing non-nanoproducts multiple times over the life extension period.ConclusionsIt was found that several nanoscale inclusions in the products greatly increased many properties of the final product along with the lifetime. Increasing the lifetime of products by adding nanoscale inclusions will thus reduce environmental and health concerns, as well as the use of virgin materials, energy consumption, landfill allocations in the long term, and product marketability.
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