Cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream landslide dams
Cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream landslide dams
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唐家山滑坡坝和下游两座较小滑坡坝的级联溃决
DOI：
10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.021
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Qipeng Cai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhenming Shi;Shenggong Guan;Ming Peng;Liming Zhang;Yang Zhu;Qipeng Cai
2008年汶川7.9级地震至少引发了257座滑坡坝，其中大部分是沿沿着串联形成的。上游一座大坝的垮坝，可能会导致下游一座又一座大坝的垮坝。溃坝可能导致下游洪水剧增，造成更严重的损失。本文以唐家山滑坡坝及其下游两个较小的滑坡坝为例，对滑坡坝的梯级溃决进行了数值模拟。本文采用改进的DABA模型，结合侵蚀和浅水流理论模拟水土相互作用。本文首先介绍了梯级溃坝的模拟方法，着重介绍了对DABA模型的改进。在此基础上，利用改进的DABA模型对唐家山滑坡坝及下游两座较小的滑坡坝的梯级溃决进行了数值模拟。最后，几个关键因素的影响（例如，坝高、坝宽、坝面可蚀性）对梯级溃坝的影响，确定了溃坝洪水发生叠加效应的临界条件。结果表明，改进的DABA模型是一种可靠的模拟梯级溃坝的工具。唐家山大坝的洪水并没有因为下游两座小水坝的溃决而显著放大，因为两座较小的水坝在唐家山大坝溃决之前就溃决了。有些参数如坝顶宽度、起始水位等对单坝的最大出流率和溃口规模影响不明显，但通过放大效应对多坝的连锁溃口有显著影响。几座大坝的级联决口可能会产生多峰洪水。梯级溃坝叠加效应的一个关键条件是，在发展阶段，较大且不断增加的入流对下游溃坝的冲刷。当多个滑坡坝不可避免地发生梯级溃决时，采取工程措施降低最大坝的溃决洪水是降低风险的一个原则。如果预测有明显的重叠效应，也可以采取工程措施，在上游大坝溃决之前先溃决较小的大坝，或通过加固措施推迟下游大坝的溃决。
The 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams, most of which formed in series along rivers. The failure of an upstream dam could cause the failure of dams downstream one after another. The cascading dam breaching may result in a sharp increase in the flood and more serious damage downstream. This paper aims to simulate the cascading breaching of landslide dams with a case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller dams downstream. A modified DABA model is applied for this purpose, in which the water–soil interactions are simulated with erosion and shallow water flow theory. This paper first introduces the methodology of the cascading dam breach simulation, emphasizing modifications to the DABA model. Then, the cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream dams is simulated using the modified DABA model. Finally, the influences of several key factors (e.g., dam height, dam width, dam erodibility) on cascading dam breaching are analyzed to identify the critical conditions of overlapping effect in breaching floods. The modified DABA model is shown to be a reliable tool for simulating the cascading dam breaching. The flood from the Tangjiashan dam was not significantly amplified by the breaching of the two small dams downstream, because the two smaller dams breached before the Tangjiashan dam. Some parameters, such as dam crest width and initiation water level, may not influence the peak outflow rate and breach size of a single dam obviously, but may influence the cascading breaching of several dams significantly through the amplification effect. The cascading breaching of several dams is likely to generate multi-peak floods. A critical condition for the overlapping effects of cascading dam breaching is that large and increasing inflow erodes the dam breach downstream in the development phase. If cascade breaching of several landslide dams is inevitable, one principle to mitigate the risks is to lower the breach flood of the largest dam with engineering measures. If significant overlapping effect is predicted, engineering measures may also be taken to breach the smaller dams before the breaching of the large dam upstream or delay the breach of those downstream dams by reinforcement measures.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Z. Cao;Z. Yue;G. Pender
通讯作者：
Z. Cao;Z. Yue;G. Pender
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1995-07
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Brunner
通讯作者：
G. Brunner
DOI：
10.1080/17499518.2013.790733
发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards
影响因子：
--
作者：
L.M. Zhang;Y. Xu;Y. Liu;Min Peng
通讯作者：
L.M. Zhang;Y. Xu;Y. Liu;Min Peng
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Peng, M.;Zhang, L. M.
通讯作者：
Zhang, L. M.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chang, D. S.;Zhang, L. M.
通讯作者：
Zhang, L. M.