Startle potentiation to uncertain threat as a psychophysiological indicator of fear-based psychopathology: An examination across multiple internalizing disorders.
Startle potentiation to uncertain threat as a psychophysiological indicator of fear-based psychopathology: An examination across multiple internalizing disorders.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000233
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Phan, K. Luan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorka, Stephanie M.;Lieberman, Lynne;Shankman, Stewart A.;Phan, K. Luan
对不确定威胁（U-威胁）的高度反应是一个重要的个体差异因素，它可能是基于恐惧的内化精神病理学（IP）的特征，并将其与痛苦/痛苦 IP 区分开来。然而，迄今为止，大多数现有研究都在患有恐慌症和重度抑郁症 (MDD) 的个体中检验对 U-威胁的反应性，并且之前没有研究直接在多个 IP 上测试这一假设。因此，当前的研究探讨了对U-威胁的高度反应性是否是五组基于恐惧的精神病理学的心理生理学指标：当前1）社交焦虑症（SAD），2）特定恐惧症（SP），3）广泛性焦虑症（GAD），4）MDD和5）没有精神病理学史的个体（对照）。所有 160 名成年人都完成了一项经过充分验证的电击威胁任务，旨在探究对可预测 (P-) 和 U-威胁的反应。惊恐眨眼增强被记录为厌恶性唤醒的指数。结果表明，与 GAD、MDD 和对照组（没有差异）的个体相比，SAD 和 SP 个体对 U 威胁表现出更大的惊吓增强，但对 P 威胁没有。目前的研究结果以及先前的惊恐障碍和 MDD 文献表明，对 U 威胁的反应性增强是基于恐惧的疾病的心理生理学指标，并且可能代表内化精神病理学的神经生物学组织原则。研究结果还表明，患有恐惧症的人通常对不确定的厌恶事件表现出超敏感，这可能会导致他们的精神病理学。
Heightened reactivity to uncertain threat (U-threat) is an important individual difference factor that may characterize fear-based internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) and distinguish them from distress/misery IPs. To date, however, the majority of existing research examining reactivity to U-threat has been within individuals with panic disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) and no prior study has directly tested this hypothesis across multiple IPs. The current study therefore explored whether heightened reactivity to U-threat is a psychophysiological indicator of fear-based psychopathology across five groups: current 1) social anxiety disorder (SAD), 2) specific phobia (SP), 3) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 4) MDD, and 5) individuals with no history of psychopathology (controls). All 160 adults completed a well-validated threat-of-shock task designed to probe responses to predictable (P-) and U-threat. Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded as an index of aversive arousal. Results indicated that individuals with SAD and SP evidenced greater startle potentiation to U-threat, but not P-threat, relative to individuals with GAD, MDD and controls (who did not differ). The current findings, along with the prior panic disorder and MDD literature, suggest that heightened reactivity to U-threat is a psychophysiological indicator of fear-based disorders and could represent a neurobiological organizing principle for internalizing psychopathology. The findings also suggest that individuals with fear disorders generally display a hypersensitivity to uncertain aversive events, which could contribute to their psychopathology.
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在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧：恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Gorka, Stephanie M.;Liu, Huiting;Shankman, Stewart A.
通讯作者：
Shankman, Stewart A.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Gorka, Stephanie M.;Nelson, Brady D.;Shankman, Stewart A.
通讯作者：
Shankman, Stewart A.
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Grillon, Christian;Lissek, Shmuel;Pine, Daniel S.
通讯作者：
Pine, Daniel S.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Grillon, Christian;Franco-Chaves, Jose A.;Zarate, Carlos A.
通讯作者：
Zarate, Carlos A.